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ns12.9 accessory protein is important for HCoV-OC43 replication in vitro. Growth kinetic analysis of HCoV-OC43-Δns12.9 in BHK-21 (A) and RD (B) cells is shown. Cells were infected with HCoV-OC43-WT or HCoV-OC43-Δns12.9 at an MOI of 0.1, and supernatants were collected at the indicated times to determine the viral titers using IPA. Data represent the means ± SD and were generated from three independent experiments.
