Table 1:
Description of the total sample and sub-sample of mothers and daughters tested with bone densitometry
| Variables | Total sample | Sub-sample | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mothers | Daughters | Mothers | Daughters | |
| Sample size | 712 | 712 | 170 | 170 |
| Age § (years) | 43.8±5.9 (29–59) | 16.9±2.6 (12–21) | 45.5±5.8 (32–59) | 18.1±2.9 (12–21) |
| BMI § (kg/m2) | 25.6±4.2 | 20.7±2.6 | 26.2±4.6 | 20.5±2.8 |
| Mothers’ age groups † (% of the sample) | ||||
| 29–39 years | 28 | 16 | ||
| 40–49 years | 56 | 61 | ||
| 50–59 years | 16 | 22 | ||
| Daughters’ age groups # (% of the sample) | ||||
| <15 years | 30 | 18 | ||
| 15–18 years | 29 | 17 | ||
| >18 years | 41 | 65 | ||
| Education ‡ (% of the sample) | ||||
| elementary | 1 | 41 | 1 | 25 |
| secondary | 67 | 38 | 71 | 20 |
| higher | 28 | 21 | 28 | 55 |
| Place of living ¥ (% of the sample) | ||||
| village | 48 | 63 | ||
| town <50 000 residents | 16 | 6 | ||
| town 50–100 000 residents | 14 | 11 | ||
| city >100 000 residents | 22 | 20 | ||
| Self-declared economic situation ¥ (% of the sample) | ||||
| bad | 1 | 1 | ||
| satisfactorily | 23 | 29 | ||
| good | 66 | 63 | ||
| very good | 10 | 7 | ||
| Description of household ¥ (% of the sample) | ||||
| we live very poorly | 0 | 1 | ||
| we live poorly | 1 | 2 | ||
| we live modestly | 7 | 8 | ||
| we live very thriftily | 14 | 13 | ||
| we live relatively thriftily | 54 | 51 | ||
| we live very good | 23 | 25 | ||
| Physical activity § (MET-minutes/week) | 1609±1105 | 1111±820 | 1996±1359 | 1309±1026 |
§
mean ± standard deviation; significant differences between total sample and sub-sample at P<0.05 as follows:
†
in mothers,
#
in daughters,
‡
for daughters was given present educational level
¥
in family; () in the brackets indicated minimum-maximum range;
¶
for 417 mother-daughter family pairs with complete physical activity data