Table 1.

Critical appraisal tool for evaluating eligibility of the selected studies.

1	Did the study ask a clearly-focused question/Purpose?		Score
	A.	Yes	1
	B.	No	0
2	Was the sampling method representative of the population intended for the study?
	A.	Yes	1
	B.	No	0
3	Did the study have enough participants to minimise the play of chance?
	A.	Yes	1
	B.	No	0
4	Was this a randomised controlled trial (RCT)?
	A.	Yes	1
	B.	No	0
5	Were participants appropriately allocated to intervention and control groups?
	A.	Yes	1
	B.	No	0
6	Were participants, staff and study personnel ‘blind’ to participants’ study group?
	A.	Yes	1
	B.	No	0
7	Were the groups similar at baseline?
	A.	Yes	1
	B.	No	0
8	Were all of the participants who entered the trial accounted for at its conclusion?
	A.	Yes	1
	B.	No	0
9	Was the follow-up the same way for all groups?
	A.	Yes	1
	B.	No	0
10	Were the actual p-values reported?
	A.	Yes	1
	B.	No	0

Scoring method: Total score divided by total number of all applicable items multiplied by 100.

Grading of the quality assessment checklist for observation (QACO) score:

 Low Moderate High

 0-33% 34-66% 67-100%