Table 6.
Percent change in body composition (from pre- to post-test) for the four progressive resistance training (PRT) studies.
| Authors | Variable Measured in Multiple Studies |
Variable Measured in One Study Only | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BM | FFM | FM | MCSA legs | SSF | SLG | TMV | BMI | LBM Arms |
LBM Legs |
LBM Trunk |
MCSA (Quads) |
MCSA (Hams) |
TBW | TBW:FFM | BCM | ||
| Spence et al. (1990) + | 5.1* | 15.7* | 7.2* | ||||||||||||||
| Sattler et al. (1999) + | 1.3 | 2.6 | -5.4 | 0.3 | 1.0 | -0.3 | 1.3 | ||||||||||
| Shevitz et al. (2005) + | 0.9 | 3.1 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Bhasin et al. (2000): DDM+ | 4.3* | 4.3 | 4.6 | NC* | 4.0 | -1.3 | |||||||||||
| Bhasin et al. (2000): DEXA+ | 18.8 | 15.8 | 28.3 | 4.7 | 2.9 | 6.2 | |||||||||||
| Number of studies | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Significant change (No. of studies) |
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Direction of change per number of studies |
↑ | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| ↓ | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| ↔ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Strength of change (%) | 29.5 | 23.6 | 27.5 | 3.4 | 15.7 | 7.2 | NC | 0.0 | 4.7 | 2.9 | 6.2 | 1.0 | -0.3 | 4.0 | -1.3 | 1.3 | |
BCM = body cell mass; BM = body mass; BMI = body mass index; DDM = deuterium oxide dilution method; DEXA = dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; FFM = fat free mass; FM = fat mass; hams = hamstrings; LBM = lean body mass; MCSA = muscle cross- sectional area; quads = quadriceps; SLG = sum of limb girths (arm and thigh); SSF = sum of skinfolds (chest, abdomen and thigh); TBW = total body water; TMV = thigh muscle volume; NC = not calculated.
↑
= increased; ↓ = deceased; ↔ = no change.
*
Indicates significant change (p<0.05).
+
Values expressed as percentages.