Sedimentation coefficients for ricin and ricin-VHH complexes. Ricin (green), VHH constructs (black), or ricin-VHH complexes (red) were subject to AUC, as described under “Experimental Procedures.” Each panel corresponds to a single VHH construct, as indicated in the label. The ricin-VHH mixtures were incubated at room temperature for 1 h before being then subjected to AUC (20 °C). For convenience, the corrected sedimentation coefficients (s20,w) are denoted above each sedimentation distribution in each plot. The AUC profiles are qualitative in nature and the values associated with the individual x- and y-axes are adjusted to maximize the visible distributions. VHH homodimers JNA2 and JNA6 are shown in panels A and B, pseudo-homodimer in panel C, VHH heterodimers in panels D–F, and a representative VHH monomer in panel G.