FIGURE 1.
Chemical model of iron trafficking and regulation in S. cerevisiae. Nutrient FeIII citrate (N) becomes cytosolic FeII (C) as it enters the cell. C moves into the vacuole forming F2 (FeII), which oxidizes to FeIII (F3) and converts into nanoparticles (VP). C also moves into mitochondria, forming FM (FeII), which is used to generate FS. This component symbolizes ISCs and heme centers. FS is inserted into respiratory complexes, which function to maintain an O2-free environment in healthy mitochondria. Some O2 that diffuses into the matrix reacts with FM to generate mitochondrial nanoparticles and ROS. Red dots indicate the four regulated sites.