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. 2015 Nov 16;10(11):e0143255. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143255

Fig 1. Gene profiling of dehydrogenases related to RA synthesis in different cancer types.

Fig 1

(A) The process of RA synthesis and catalytic enzymes. Three alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH1, ADH3, ADH4), two retinol dehydrogenases (RDH1 and RDH10) and three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDH1, RALDH2, RALDH3) are involved in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid from retinol. The main catalyzing sites for chemical retinol, retinaldehyde and retinoic acid are highlighted by dashed boxes. (B-D) Gene expression profiling of RALDH1, ADH1 and RDH10 was analyzed using the Oncomine database (Bittner Multi-cancer data set, including 1,911 clinical patients, pathologically classified by 16 different cancer types). (B) RALDH1; (C) ADH1; (D) RDH10. Liver cancer (HCC) group is highlighted by dark blue. (1) Bladder cancer (n = 32); (2) Brain and central nervous system cancer (n = 4); (3) Breast cancer (n = 328); (4) Cervical cancer (n = 35); (5) Colorectal cancer (n = 330); (6) Esophageal cancer (n = 7); (7) Gastric cancer (n = 7); (8) Head and neck cancer (n = 41); (9) Kidney cancer (n = 254); (10) Liver cancer (n = 11); (11) Lung cancer (n = 107); (12) Lymphoma (n = 19); (13) Ovarian cancer (n = 166); (14) Pancreatic cancer (n = 19); (15) Prostate cancer (n = 59); (16) Sarcoma (n = 49).