Table 1.
Demographic and clinical variables in 154 heart failure patients and sex differencesa
| Total, N=154 | Women, N=49 | Men, N=105 | Significance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 70 (±10) | 68 (±12) | 70 (±9) | 0.23 |
| Education | 0.24 | |||
| Primary school | 61 (40%) | 14 (29%) | 47 (45%) | |
| Secondary school | 35 (23%) | 12 (25%) | 33 (22%) | |
| Higher than secondary school | 30 (20%) | 11 (22%) | 19 (18%) | |
| Marital status | 0.34 | |||
| Married/in a relationship | 109 (71%) | 33 (67%) | 80 (76%) | |
| Children | 131 (85%) | 47 (96%) | 84 (80%) | 0.01 |
| NYHA class | 0.75 | |||
| NYHA I/II | 63 (64%) | 17 (59%) | 46 (66%) | |
| NYHA III/V | 36 (36%) | 12 (41%) | 24 (34%) | |
| Time after diagnosis (months) | 33 (±31) | 31 (±25) | 34 (±34) | 0.67 |
| Currently smoking | 14 (9%) | 6 (12%) | 8 (7%) | 0.37 |
| Alcohol consumption | 0.00 | |||
| Nothing | 37 (24%) | 23 (47%) | 14 (13%) | |
| One glass or less a week | 51 (33%) | 14 (29%) | 37 (35%) | |
| 2–7 glasses a week | 57 (37%) | 12 (25%) | 45 (43%) | |
| More than 7 glasses a week | 7 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (7%) | |
| Comorbidity | 103 (73%) | 34 (79%) | 69 (70%) | 0.20 |
Note:
a
Means and standard deviations were calculated for continuous data, and absolute numbers and percentages were computed for nominal variables.
Abbreviation: NYHA, New York Heart Association.