TABLE 1.

Baseline characteristics of 687 HIV-seropositive and ART exposed individuals who use illicit drugs, stratified by virologic suppression at any point during the study period, Vancouver, Canada, 2005–2013

Characteristic	No Virologic Suppression, N=137 (19.9%)	Virologic Suppression, N=550(80.1%)	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p-value
Prohibited income generation*
No	90 (65.7)	367 (66.7)
Yes	47 (34.3)	183 (33.2)	0.95 (0.64 – 1.42)	0.819
Age (per additional 10 years)
Median (IQR)	4.14 (3.46–4.77)	4.42 (38.1–49.0)	1.07 (1.03 – 1.11)	<0.001
Gender
Female	56 (40.9)	178 (32.4)
Male	81 (59.1)	372 (67.6)	1.11 (1.02 – 1.20)	0.010
Ethnicity
White	59 (43.1)	244 (44.4)
Non-white	78 (56.9)	306 (55.6)	1.05 (0.98 – 1.14)	0.133
Homelessness*
No	77 (56.2)	423 (77.3)
Yes	60 (43.8)	124 (22.7)	0.38 (0.25 – 0.56)	<0.001
Frequent heroin injection*
< Daily	112 (82.4)	492 (89.5)
≥ Daily	24 (17.6)	58 (10.5)	0.55 (0.33 – 0.92)	0.022
Frequent cocaine injection*
< Daily	126(92.6))	509 (92.5)
≥ Daily	10 (7.4)	41 (7.5)	1.01 (0.49 – 2.08)	0.967
Frequent crack use*
< Daily	79 (58.1)	372 (67.6)
≥ Daily	57 (41.9)	178 (32.4)	0.66 (0.45 – 0.97)	0.036
Incarceration*
No	115(85.2)	492 (89.6)
Yes	20 (14.8)	57 (10.4)	0.67 (0.38 – 1.15)	0.144
Addiction treatment enrolment*
No	69 (51.9)	240 (43.9)
Yes	64 (48.1)	307 (56.1)	1.37 (0.94 – 2.02)	0.096
ART adherence*
No	97 (70.8)	205 (37.3)
Yes	40 (29.2)	345 (62.7)	4.08 (2.71 – 6.13)	<0.001
Baseline CD4 T-cell count (per 100 cells)
Median (IQR)	2.9 (1.4 – 4.3)	3.2 (2.0 – 4.6)	1.02 (1.00 – 1.03)	0.015

^*Refers to the 6-month period preceding the baseline interview; ART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval