. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Sex Transm Dis. 2015 Dec;42(12):677–685. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000362

Table 4.

Concordance among oral, fingernail, and vaginal samples^* for type-specific HPV DNA detection among mid-adult women in Seattle, Washington, 2011–2012

	No. of pairs^†				PPA (%)^‡	Kappa^§	(95% CI)^¶
	+ / +	+ / −	− /+	− / −	PPA (%)^‡	Kappa^§	(95% CI)^¶
Oral / vaginal^‖	2	17	520	28,580	0.37	0.01	(0.00, 0.01)
Vaginal / fingernail	11	334	6	18,408	3.13	0.03	(0.01, 0.06)
Fingernail / oral	2	15	9	18,807	7.69	0.08	(0.00, 0.29)

Enrollment and exit samples combined to calculate concordance between anatomic sites

^†

Represents the number of women multiplied by the number of HPV types evaluated per woman multiplied by the number of samples evaluated per woman.

^‡

PPA is proportion positive agreement (number DNA-positive in both samples) / (number DNA-positive in either sample).

^§

Kappa is calculated by (observed PPA – expected PPA) / (1 – expected PPA).

^¶

Confidence intervals estimated using percentile bootstrap methods with 1,000 repetitions to account for correlation due to multiple HPV types and dual visits within women

^‖

One pair with HPV-16 in oral and vaginal samples was considered (+ / −) due to detection of different variants in the oral versus the vaginal sample.