Table 6.
Univariate analysis of factors associated with fingernail HPV detection among mid-adult women in Seattle, WA, 2011–2012, using GEE logistic regression (N=348)
| Characteristics | Fingernail HPV detection (NTotal = 18,833†)
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N‡ | n§ | OR | (Bootstrap 95% CI) | |
| Age (years) | 18,833 | 17 | 1.0 | (0.9, 1.1) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Unmarried or separated | 6,845 | 6 | 1.0 | – |
| Married or living with a partner | 11,877 | 11 | 1.1 | (0.3, 5.2) |
| Ever had a non-HPV related STD¶ | ||||
| No | 14,911 | 9 | 1.0 | – |
| Yes | 3,848 | 8 | 3.4 | (0.8, 12.4) |
| Ever had genital warts | ||||
| No | 16,465 | 17 | 1.0 | – |
| Yes | 2,294 | 0 | 0.0 | (0.0, 1.7)* |
| Ever had an abnormal Pap test | ||||
| No | 10,101 | 8 | 1.0 | – |
| Yes | 8,695 | 9 | 1.3 | (0.3, 5.7) |
| Ever been pregnant | ||||
| No | 7,289 | 6 | 1.0 | – |
| Yes | 11,544 | 11 | 1.2 | (0.3, 4.6) |
| Currently using hormonal contraceptives‖ | ||||
| No | 15,022 | 14 | 1.0 | – |
| Yes | 3,737 | 3 | 0.9 | (0.0, 3.2) |
| Smoking status** | ||||
| Never | 14,060 | 13 | 1.0 | – |
| Former | 3,811 | 4 | 1.1 | (0.2, 3.8) |
| Current | 851 | 0 | 0.0 | (0.0, 5.1)* |
| Currently consumes alcoholic beverages | ||||
| No | 3,108 | 1 | 1.0 | – |
| Yes | 15,651 | 16 | 3.2 | (0.8, Inf) |
| Type of vaginal sex partners (lifetime) | ||||
| Male only | 15,096 | 15 | 1.0 | – |
| Female only or both male and female | 3,515 | 2 | 0.6 | (0.0, 2.1) |
| Age at first sexual intercourse with a male partner (yrs)†† | 18,204 | 16 | 0.9 | (0.8, 1.0) |
| Lifetime number of male sex partners (tertiles) | ||||
| 0 – 3 | 4,884 | 2 | 1.0 | – |
| 4 – 9 | 5,772 | 4 | 1.7 | (0.0, Inf) |
| 10+ | 7,807 | 11 | 3.4 | (0.9, Inf) |
| Lifetime number of male or female open-mouth kissing partners (median split)‡‡ | ||||
| 0 – 15 | 7,437 | 2 | 1.0 | – |
| 16+ | 7,511 | 11 | 5.5 | (0.3, Inf) |
| Lifetime number of male or female oral sex partners (median split)‡‡ | ||||
| 0 – 5 | 7,807 | 5 | 1.0 | – |
| 6+ | 7,289 | 8 | 1.7 | (0.0, Inf) |
| Type of oral sex partners‡‡§§ | ||||
| Male only | 11,766 | 12 | 1.0 | – |
| Female only or both male and female | 2,738 | 1 | 0.4 | (0.0, 1,7) |
| Vaginal HPV infection of the same type | ||||
| No | 18,414 | 6 | 1.0 | – |
| Yes | 345 | 11 | 101.0 | (31.4, 748.6) |
| Vaginal HPV viral load of the same type (continuous)¶¶ | 168 | 5 | 2.2 | (1.5, 5.5) |
indicates 95% confidence interval generated using exact logistic regression due to 0 in cells; cannot account for correlation within women
Both enrollment and exit samples were included. 348 women contributed a total of 18,833 women-types to the fingernail HPV analysis.
Indicates the total number of women multiplied by the number of HPV types evaluated per woman multiplied by the number of samples evaluated per woman.
Indicates the number of women–types positive for fingernail HPV
Includes chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes, and HIV
Includes birth control pills, hormonal patches, vaginal rings, implanted contraception, injectable contraception, and hormonal intrauterine devices
Smoking was defined as smoking at least one cigarette a day for one month or longer; former smokers reported ever smoking but not currently smoking, and current smokers reported currently smoking.
Restricted to 337 women who reported ever having had sex with a male partner
Restricted to 251 women who filled out either a modified exit survey or a supplemental exit survey with additional questions on open-mouth kissing and oral sex
Twelve women who reported no history of oral sex were excluded.
Restricted to 16 high-risk HPV types with available viral load results, including HPV 16, 18, 31, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, and 82, and to samples with a vaginal infection of the same HPV type detected