Table 1.

Signal Transduction Inhibitors of VEGFA Signaling and their effects on Rat Embryonic Testis Cord Formation and Vascular Development in vitro (Data from Bott et al. 2010)

Signal Transduction Pathway	Inhibitor	Effect on Cord Formation	Effects on Vasculature	PECAM1 Staining
Inhibits KDR	SU1498 (Calbiochem, #572888)	No cord formation	Little vasculature, no coelomic vessel	10%
Inhibits KDR and FLT1	VEGF-TKI (Calbiochem, #676475)	No cord formation	No vasculature dividing, no coelomic vessel	10%
Inhibits NRP1	Je11 (Calbiochem, #676494)	No cords/perturbed cord formation	Coelomic vessel, some microvessels, but reduced density	58%
Inhibits PI3K	LY294002 (Calbiochem, #440202)	Cords perturbed or swollen	Weak coelomic vessel, less dense vasculature	54%

VEGFA = vascular endothelial growth factor A

KDR = kinase insert domain protein receptor

FLT1 = FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1

NRP1 = neuropilin 1

PI3K = phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

PECAM1 = platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1