(A) Cultured S2 cells were transfected with empty vector (lanes 1 and 2), the plasmid expressing Flag-Toll (lane 3), and dsRNAs against the indicated genes. Total RNA extracts were prepared and detected via Northern blots using the indicated probes. Cell lysates were prepared and subjected to Western blots using the indicated antibody. (B) RNA extracts were prepared as in (A) for qRT-PCR assay of Dros mRNA (normalized to Rp49; n = 3; error bars, SD). (C and D) Cultured S2 cells were transfected with the indicated dsRNAs and treated with Lys-PGN (100 μg/ml) (C; lanes 4 to 6) or water (C; lanes 1 to 3) for 20 hours, as indicated. Total RNA extracts were prepared for Northern blots using the indicated probes (C) or for qRT-PCR of Toll mRNA (normalized to Rp49; n = 3; error bars, SD) (D). (E) Cultured S2 cells were transfected with dsRNAs against the indicated genes. Cell lysates were prepared and subjected to Western blots using the indicated antibodies. (F) Cultured S2 cells transfected with empty vector (lanes 1 and 2), the plasmid expressing Flag-Toll (lanes 3 and 4), and dsRNAs against the indicated genes. Cell lysates were prepared and subjected to Western blots using the indicated antibodies. NB, Northern blots; IB, immunoblots or Western blots.