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. 2015 Oct 30;1(9):e1500661. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1500661

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Copyright © 2015, The Authors

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 1 — (A) Structural and functional characteristics of human fingertips. Fingertip skin consists of slow-adapting mechanoreceptors [Merkel (MD) and Ruffini corpuscles (RE)] for static touch, fast-adapting mechanoreceptors [Meissner (MC) and Pacinian corpuscles (PC)] for dynamic touch, free nerve endings (FNE) for temperature, fingerprint patterns for texture, and epidermal/dermal interlocked microstructures for tactile signal amplification. (B) Flexible and multimodal ferroelectric e-skin. The functionalities of human skin are mimicked by elastomeric patterns (texture) and piezoresistive (static pressure), ferroelectric (dynamic pressure and temperature), and interlocked microdome arrays (tactile signal amplification).