Table 2.

Effects of TB on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in intestine of broilers challenged with LPS

	LPS (0 μg/kg BW)		LPS (500 μg/kg BW)		SEM	p-value
	TB (0 mg/kg)	TB (500 mg/kg)	TB (0 mg/kg)	TB (500 mg/kg)		TB	LPS	TB×LPS
Duodenum (pg/mg prot)
IL-1β	18.72bc	14.22c	27.32a	22.09ab	1.29	0.005	<0.001	0.808
IL-6	21.85b	21.74b	31.23a	24.63b	1.00	0.004	<0.001	0.005
PGE2	10.47b	10.96b	15.25a	9.66b	0.59	0.002	0.024	<0.001
Jejunum (pg/mg prot)
IL-1β	15.32b	17.38b	28.75a	15.32b	1.46	0.002	0.002	<0.001
IL-6	20.24b	15.88c	35.39a	24.25b	1.78	<0.001	<0.001	0.029
PGE2	6.68ab	5.68b	6.64ab	7.98a	0.31	0.756	0.054	0.046
Ileum (pg/mg prot)
IL-1β	9.11d	15.95c	32.32a	24.78b	2.04	0.649	<0.001	<0.001
IL-6	19.01	21.14	22.16	21.54	0.64	0.556	0.176	0.290
PGE2	11.35	11.22	11.28	10.43	0.39	0.610	0.563	0.716

TB, tributyrin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; BW, body weight; SEM, standard error of mean (n = 10); IL, interleukin; PGE₂, prostaglandin E₂.

^a,b,c,dMeans within rows with different superscripts differ significantly (p<0.05).