Table 1.
Ingredient and chemical composition of the total mixed ration for Korean cattle steers
| Item | Growing period | Fattening period (early) | Fattening period (middle) | Fattening period (late) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ingredient, % (as-fed basis) | ||||
| Molasses | 3.74 | 3.75 | 3.71 | 3.37 |
| Corn, flaked | 0.00 | 4.41 | 7.42 | 14.79 |
| Cotton seed | 0.00 | 2.65 | 2.97 | 3.63 |
| Rice straw | 0.00 | 6.62 | 7.42 | 9.60 |
| Timothy, hay | 5.98 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Sugar beet pulp | 4.48 | 4.41 | 4.95 | 2.59 |
| Italian ryegrass silage | 11.96 | 6.62 | 6.68 | 0.00 |
| Alfalfa, hay | 7.47 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Liquid microbes | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| NaHCO3 buffer | 0.00 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.35 |
| Ryegrass straw | 4.48 | 6.62 | 3.71 | 0.00 |
| Protein concentrate | 24.36 | 20.96 | 18.55 | 12.97 |
| Energy concentrate | 0.00 | 4.41 | 8.16 | 15.57 |
| Brewers grain, wet | 8.07 | 8.16 | 7.42 | 7.26 |
| Lupin hull | 13.45 | 13.24 | 9.90 | 7.26 |
| Oats, hay | 4.48 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Water | 11.31 | 17.65 | 18.60 | 22.39 |
| Chemical composition (% DM) | ||||
| Dry matter (DM) | 67.21 | 64.87 | 64.50 | 65.84 |
| Crude protein | 15.67 | 14.42 | 14.12 | 13.13 |
| Crude fat | 3.44 | 4.09 | 4.42 | 4.78 |
| Crude fiber | 22.86 | 20.54 | 18.45 | 15.26 |
| Crude ash | 6.88 | 6.85 | 6.56 | 5.89 |
| NFE | 51.14 | 54.11 | 56.45 | 60.95 |
| NDF | 54.51 | 51.47 | 47.15 | 39.26 |
| ADF | 33.15 | 31.92 | 29.33 | 24.35 |
| TDN | 70.78 | 74.01 | 75.32 | 78.22 |
NFE, nitrogen-free extract; NDF, neutral-detergent fiber; ADF, acid-detergent fiber; TDN, total digestible nutrient.