Table 9.
Anti-inflammatory Cytokines
| Variable | Group | Baseline | Pre-Lift | 60-min Post | 24-hr Post | 48-hr Post | Group Mean | p-value (GG) | p-value (WSC) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-4 (pg/mL) | P | 6.03±3.18 | 7.86±5.06 | 8.26±5.22 | 7.44±4.95 | 7.83±5.10 | 7.48±1.05 | G=0.273 | |
| TC | 4.16±1.91 | 5.45±2.04 | 6.38±2.49 | 6.36±2.45 | 6.54±3.01 | 5.78±1.09 | T=0.001* | T q =0.001* | |
| Time Mean | 5.10±0.55 | 6.65±0.82† | 7.32±0.87† | 6.90±0.83†◊ | 7.19±0.88† | G X T=0.421 | G X T L =0.405 | ||
| IL-5 (pg/mL) | P | 0.69±0.37 | 0.70±0.41 | 0.70±0.46 | 0.64±0.37 | 0.65±0.40 | 0.68±0.11 | G=0.749 | |
| TC | 0.75±0.43 | 0.72±0.40 | 0.71±0.37 | 0.77±0.43 | 0.70±0.42 | 0.73±0.12 | T=0.716 | T L =0.325 | |
| Time Mean | 0.72±0.08 | 0.71±0.09 | 0.70±0.09 | 0.71±0.08 | 0.68±0.09 | G X T=0.438 | G X T L =0.582 | ||
| IL-7 (pg/mL) | P | 4.73±2.19 | 5.41±2.49 | 5.94±3.71 | 5.52±2.75 | 5.46±2.57 | 5.41±0.63 | G=0.414 | |
| TC | 4.15±1.86 | 4.45±2.00 | 5.31±2.18 | 4.91±1.61 | 4.47±1.54 | 4.66±0.65 | T=0.041* | T q =0.033* | |
| Time Mean | 4.44±0.43 | 4.93±0.48† | 5.62±0.64† | 5.21±0.48† | 4.97±0.45† | G X T=0.843 | G X T L =0.757 | ||
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | P | 4.52±3.85 | 3.69±1.82 | 4.21±1.92 | 3.48±1.70 | 3.45±1.74 | 3.87±0.56 | G=0.869 | |
| TC | 2.77±1.74 | 3.49±2.03 | 6.02±5.70 | 3.33±2.54 | 3.07±2.54 | 3.74±0.59 | T=0.103§ | T q =0.157 | |
| Time Mean | 3.65±0.63 | 3.59±0.40 | 5.12±0.87Ψ | 3.41±0.45 | 3.26±0.45 | G X T=0.182 | G X T q =0.120 | ||
| IL-13 (pg/mL) | P | 3.30±2.89 | 3.33±3.30 | 3.40±3.48 | 3.24±3.64 | 3.27±3.56 | 3.31±0.78 | G=0.449 | |
| TC | 1.96±1.74 | 2.26±1.66 | 2.75±2.09 | 2.78±2.18 | 2.45±2.34 | 2.44±0.81 | T=0.393 | T q =0.055§ | |
| Time Mean | 2.63±0.50 | 2.80±0.55 | 3.08±0.61 | 3.01±0.63 | 2.86±0.64 | G X T=0.402 | G X T q =0.133 |
Individual group and time data expressed as means ± SD, while group effects are presented as means ± SEM. Data represents the anti-inflammatory response at each test session during the 10 day intervention. MANOVA analysis revealed overall Wilks' Lambda time (p<0.001) and group x time (p=0.447). Univariate ANOVA p-levels from MANOVA analysis are presented for each variable. Univariate ANOVA p-levels are listed first by the Greenhouse-Geisser (GG) analysis and then by the within-subjects contrasts (WSC) to demonstrate the potential shape of the time or group x time interaction with significance indicated by the following super/subscripts: * indicates p<0.05 p-level significance, § indicates p<0.10 p-level significance. LSD post hoc analysis is indicated by the following superscripts: ^ represents p<0.05 difference between groups, † represents p<0.05 difference from baseline value, Ψ represents p<0.05 difference from pre-lift, ◊ represents p<0.05 difference from 60-min post, # represents p<0.05 difference from 24-hr post
IL interleukin, G group p-level, T time p-level, G x T interaction, q quadratic p-level, L linear p-level