Table 1.
The neonicotinoid response of the susceptible S-GR6 and the resistant B. tabaci laboratory strains. Toxicological data to the neonicotinoids imidacloprid, acetamiprid and thiacloprid and toxicity of imidacloprid after pre-exposure to synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO)
| Strain | n | LC50 (95 % CI) | RR (95 % CI) | SR (95 % CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMIDACLOPRID | ||||
| S-GR6 | 580 | 7.5 (5.4–10) | - | |
| S-GR6 + PBO | 543 | 6.0 (4.3–7.1) | - | - |
| GR4_AP | 586 | 69 (46–98) | 9 (6–13) | |
| GR4_AS | 479 | 423 (258–657) | 56 (36–87) | |
| GR4_AS + PBO | 433 | 185 (67–302) | 30 (17–38) | 1.9 (1.7–2.3) |
| GR9_IP | 547 | 176 (82–268) | 23 (15–35) | |
| GR9_IS | 479 | 301 (186–443) | 40 (28–58) | |
| GR9_IS + PBO | 435 | 207 (164–332) | 34 (25–50) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) |
| GR0_IP | 699 | 82 (60–106) | 11 (7–16) | |
| GR0_IS | 451 | 177 (55–336) | 24 (14–39) | |
| GR0_IS + PBO | 425 | 52 (10–148) | 9 (3–16) | 2.7 (2.3–3.1 |
| ACETAMIPRID | ||||
| S-GR6 | 503 | 7.9 (5.1–11) | - | |
| GR4_AP | 442 | 44 (20–80) | 5 (3–9) | |
| GR4_AS | 539 | 157 (99–242) | 20 (15–33) | |
| GR9_IP | 391 | 56 (28–89) | 7 (4.1–11) | |
| GR9_IS | 535 | 137 (110–163) | 17 (11–26) | |
| GR0_IP | 402 | 33 (25–59) | 4 (2.8–6.3) | |
| GR0_IS | 460 | 71 (42–105) | 9 (5.3–15) | |
| THIACLOPRID | ||||
| S-GR6 | 517 | 11 (4.2–22) | - | |
| GR4_AP | 422 | >30,000 | >3,000 | |
| GR4_AS | 300 | 9,740 (835–27,145) | 924 (378–2,259) | |
| GR9_IP | 449 | >30,000 | >3,000 | |
| GR9_IS | 320 | 13,061 (5,253–25,522) | 1,239 (720–2,134) | |
| GR0_IP | 422 | >30,000 | >3,000 | |
| GR0_IS | 281 | 10,477 (3,373–21,100) | 994 (457–2,161) | |
RR resistance ratio at LC50, the Lethal Concentration of 50 %, CI confidence intervals resistance characteristics, SR synergist ratio: RR/RR after pretreatment with PBO