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. 2015 Sep 26;25(10):1073–1188. doi: 10.1002/hipo.22488

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© 2015 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Hippocampal‐neocortical cross‐frequency interactions during sleep. (A) Hippocampal SPW‐Rs can induce prefrontal delta wave and sleep spindle. Both spindles and ripples then travel from their source location. (B) Traces of neocortical layer V and hippocampal CA1 (filtered between 140 and 240 Hz and rectified) LFP in the rat. (Inset) Filtered ripple at a faster time scale. Dots: peak of delta wave, troughs of sleep spindle and hippocampal ripple waves. (C) Hippocampal ripple peak‐triggered neocortical spectrogram. Power spectrograms, centered on ripples (time 0 s), were averaged and normalized by the mean power over the entire recording session and log transformed. Note increased correlation of power in the slow oscillation (delta; 0.5–4 Hz) and sleep spindle (10–18 Hz) bands with hippocampal ripples. *Slow (∼0.1 Hz) comodulation of neocortical and hippocampal activity. Reproduced from Sirota et al. (2003).