Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Surveyed Patients.*
| Characteristic | All Patients (N = 11,282) | Patients without Health Care–Associated Infections (N = 10,830) | Patients with Health Care–Associated Infections 6(N = 452) | P Value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex — no. (%) | 0.13 | |||
| Male | 5,034 (44.6) | 4,813 (44.4) | 221 (48.9) | |
| Female | 6,236 (55.3) | 6,006 (55.5) | 230 (50.9) | |
| Missing data | 12 (0.1) | 11 (0.1) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Age — no. (%) | 0.09 | |||
| <1 yr | 1,151 (10.2) | 1,115 (10.3) | 36 (8.0) | |
| 1–17 yr | 479 (4.2) | 460 (4.2) | 19 (4.2) | |
| 18–24 yr | 462 (4.1) | 448 (4.1) | 14 (3.1) | |
| 25–44 yr | 1,686 (14.9) | 1,634 (15.1) | 52 (11.5) | |
| 45–64 yr | 3,060 (27.1) | 2,927 (27.0) | 133 (29.4) | |
| 65–84 yr | 3,429 (30.4) | 3,269 (30.2) | 160 (35.4) | |
| ≥85 yr | 1,014 (9.0) | 976 (9.0) | 38 (8.4) | |
| Missing data | 1 (<0.1) | 1 (<0.1) | 0 | |
| Race or ethnic group — no. (%)‡ | 0.09 | |||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 119 (1.1) | 117 (1.1) | 2 (0.4) | |
| Asian | 254 (2.3) | 244 (2.3) | 10 (2.2) | |
| Black | 1,905 (16.9) | 1,809 (16.7) | 96 (21.2) | |
| Multiple races or other unspecified race | 254 (2.3) | 244 (2.3) | 10 (2.2) | |
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 20 (0.2) | 18 (0.2) | 2 (0.4) | |
| White | 7,537 (66.8) | 7,244 (66.9) | 293 (64.8) | |
| Missing data | 1,193 (10.6) | 1,154 (10.7) | 39 (8.6) | |
| Hispanic or Latino ethnic group — no. (%)‡ | 0.04 | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 846 (7.5) | 826 (7.6) | 20 (4.4) | |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 3,715 (32.9) | 3,564 (32.9) | 151 (33.4) | |
| Missing data | 6,721 (59.6) | 6,440 (59.5) | 281 (62.2) | |
| Hospital size — no. (%)§ | <0.001 | |||
| Small | 4,073 (36.1) | 3,964 (36.6) | 109 (24.1) | |
| Medium | 4,995 (44.3) | 4,794 (44.3) | 201 (44.5) | |
| Large | 2,214 (19.6) | 2,072 (19.1) | 142 (31.4) | |
| Location of patient in hospital on survey date — no. (%)¶ | <0.001 | |||
| Critical care unit | 1,707 (15.1) | 1,551 (14.3) | 156 (34.5) | |
| Mixed acuity unit | 119 (1.1) | 114 (1.1) | 5 (1.1) | |
| Newborn or special care nursery | 485 (4.3) | 482 (4.5) | 3 (0.7) | |
| Specialty care area | 469 (4.2) | 439 (4.1) | 30 (6.6) | |
| Step-down unit | 466 (4.1) | 443 (4.1) | 23 (5.1) | |
| Ward, not nursery | 8,036 (71.2) | 7,801 (72.0) | 235 (52.0) | |
| Central catheter in place on survey date — no. (%)|| | ||||
| Any | 2,121 (18.8) | 1,862 (17.2) | 259 (57.3) | <0.001 |
| Femoral | 54 (0.5) | 44 (0.4) | 10 (2.2) | |
| Peripherally inserted | 1,037 (9.2) | 878 (8.1) | 159 (35.2) | |
| Other known type | 1,057 (9.4) | 958 (8.8) | 99 (21.9) | |
| Unknown type | 32 (0.3) | 29 (0.3) | 3 (0.7) | |
| None | 9,140 (81.0) | 8,948 (82.6) | 192 (42.5) | |
| Missing data | 21 (0.2) | 20 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Urinary catheter in place on survey date — no. (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 2,659 (23.6) | 2,482 (22.9) | 177 (39.2) | |
| No | 8,594 (76.2) | 8,321 (76.8) | 273 (60.4) | |
| Missing data | 29 (0.3) | 27 (0.2) | 2 (0.4) | |
| Patient receiving mechanical ventilatory support on survey date — no. (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 527 (4.7) | 432 (4.0) | 95 (21.0) | |
| No | 10,748 (95.3) | 10,391 (95.9) | 357 (79.0) | |
| Missing data | 7 (0.1) | 7 (0.1) | 0 | |
| Patient receiving or scheduled to receive antimicrobial therapy at time of survey — no. (%)** | 5,860 (51.9) | 5,408 (49.9) | 452 (100) | — |
| Patient receiving dialysis at time of survey — no. (%) | 446 (4.0) | 410 (3.8) | 36 (8.0) | <0.001 |
| Interval from admission to survey — days | ||||
| Median | 3 | 2 | 12 | <0.001†† |
| Interquartile range | 1–6 | 1–5 | 7–23 | |
Percentages may not add up to 100 because of rounding.
P values were calculated with the use of the chi-square test, except where indicated.
Race and ethnic group were determined on the basis of medical-record documentation.
Small hospitals had fewer than 150 beds, medium-sized hospitals had 150 to 399 beds, and large hospitals had 400 or more beds.
Hospital units were defined according to the National Healthcare Safety Network classification. Critical care units included level II–III and level III neonatal intensive care units.
Patients could have more than one type of central catheter.
For four patients without health care–associated infections, information on antimicrobial therapy was not available on the survey date; medical records of these patients were reviewed retrospectively to collect data on antimicrobial therapy and health care–associated infections. By definition, all patients with health care–associated infections were receiving antimicrobial agents at the time of the survey.
The P value was calculated with the use of the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.