Table 3.
Reported Causative Pathogens, According to Type of Infection.*
| Pathogen | All Health Care–Associated Infections (N = 504)† | Pneumonia (N = 110) | Surgical-Site Infections (N = 110) | GI Infections (N = 86) | UTIs (N = 65) | Bloodstream Infections (N = 50) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| no. (%) | rank | number (percent) | |||||
| Clostridium difficile | 61 (12.1) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 61 (70.9) | 0 | 0 |
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| Staphylococcus aureus | 54 (10.7) | 2 | 18 (16.4) | 17 (15.5) | 1 (1.2) | 2 (3.1) | 7 (14.0) |
|
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| Klebsiella pneumoniae or K. oxytoca | 50 (9.9) | 3 | 13 (11.8) | 15 (13.6) | 1 (1.2) | 15 (23.1) | 4 (8.0) |
|
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| Escherichia coli | 47 (9.3) | 4 | 3 (2.7) | 14 (12.7) | 1 (1.2) | 18 (27.7) | 5 (10.0) |
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| Enterococcus species‡ | 44 (8.7) | 5 | 2 (1.8) | 16 (14.5) | 5 (5.8) | 11 (16.9) | 6 (12.0) |
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| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 36 (7.1) | 6 | 14 (12.7) | 7 (6.4) | 1 (1.2) | 7 (10.8) | 2 (4.0) |
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| Candida species§ | 32 (6.3) | 7 | 4 (3.6) | 3 (2.7) | 3 (3.5) | 3 (4.6) | 11 (22.0) |
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| Streptococcus species¶ | 25 (5.0) | 8 | 7 (6.4) | 8 (7.3) | 2 (2.3) | 2 (3.1) | 2 (4.0) |
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| Coagulase-negative staphylococcus species | 24 (4.8) | 9 | 0 | 7 (6.4) | 0 | 1 (1.5) | 9 (18.0) |
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| Enterobacter species | 16 (3.2) | 10 | 3 (2.7) | 5 (4.5) | 0 | 2 (3.1) | 2 (4.0) |
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| Acinetobacter baumannii | 8 (1.6) | 11, tie | 4 (3.6) | 2 (1.8) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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| Proteus mirabilis | 8 (1.6) | 11, tie | 1 (0.9) | 5 (4.5) | 0 | 1 (1.5) | 0 |
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| Yeast, unspecified | 8 (1.6) | 11, tie | 3 (2.7) | 0 | 1 (1.2) | 4 (6.2) | 0 |
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| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 8 (1.6) | 11, tie | 6 (5.5) | 0 | 0 | 2 (3.1) | 0 |
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| Citrobacter species | 6 (1.2) | 15, tie | 2 (1.8) | 1 (0.9) | 0 | 1 (1.5) | 0 |
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| Serratia species | 6 (1.2) | 15, tie | 2 (1.8) | 0 | 0 | 2 (3.1) | 0 |
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| Bacteroides species | 6 (1.2) | 15, tie | 0 | 5 (4.5) | 1 (1.2) | 0 | 0 |
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| Haemophilus species | 6 (1.2) | 15, tie | 2 (1.8) | 2 (1.8) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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| Viruses|| | 3 (0.6) | 19, tie | 1 (0.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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| Peptostreptococcus species | 3 (0.6) | 19, tie | 0 | 2 (1.8) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.0) |
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| Klebsiella species other than K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca | 2 (0.4) | 21, tie | 1 (0.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.0) |
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| Clostridium species other than C. difficile | 2 (0.4) | 21, tie | 0 | 2 (1.8) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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| Prevotella species | 2 (0.4) | 21, tie | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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| Morganella morganii | 2 (0.4) | 21, tie | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 0 | 1 (1.5) | 0 |
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| Lactobacillus species | 2 (0.4) | 21, tie | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.2) | 0 | 1 (2.0) |
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| Other organisms** | 13 (2.6) | — | 1 (0.9) | 6 (5.5) | 0 | 1 (1.5) | 3 (6.0) |
One or more pathogens were reported for 372 of 504 infections (73.8%). No pathogens were reported for the remaining 132 infections (26.2%).
Values for all health care–associated infections include those for the 13 major types of infection listed in Table 2.
Enterococcus species include E. faecalis (23 infections), E. faecium (8), other or unspecified enterococci (11), E. faecalis and E. faecium (1), and E. faecalis and E. avium (1).
Candida species include C. albicans (18 infections), C. parapsilosis (6), C. glabrata (4), other or unspecified candida species (2), and C. albicans and C. dubliniensis (2).
Streptococcus species include S. pneumoniae (7 infections), viridans streptococci (7), group B streptococci (3), other or unspecified streptococci (7), and group G streptococci and S. parasanguis (1).
Viruses include adenovirus (1 infection), herpes simplex virus (1), and parainfluenza virus (1).
Other organisms include Achromobacter xylosoxidans (1 infection), Aeromonas hydrophila (1), aspergillus species (1), bacillus species (1), Finegoldia magna (1), fusobacterium species (1), Moraxella catarrhalis (1), propionibacterium species (1), Pseudomonas alcaligenes (1), Rothia mucilaginosa (1), unspecified gram-negative rods (2), and Acinetobacter lwoffii and micrococcus species (1).