Table 4. Embryonic development using different methods of culturing 2-cell embryos obtained by parthenogenetic activation (PA) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) of MII oocytes from deer mice. ESC, embryonic stem cell; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts.
| Type | No. of MII oocytes | % of 2-pronuclei embryos | No. (%c) of 2-cell embryos | Culture method | No. (%d) of embryos developed to | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4-cell | 8-cell | Morula | ||||||
| PA | 269 | 88a | 121 (44) | 32 | Embryo medium, no MEFs | 4 (12e) | 0 | 0 |
| 34 | Embryo medium on MEFs | 0e | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 55 | ESC medium on MEFs | 30 (54e) | 8 (14) | 2 (3) | ||||
| IVF | 200 | 87b | 66 (33) | 30 | Embryo medium, no MEFs | 8 (26) | 0 | 0 |
| 36 | ESC medium on MEFs | 15 (41) | 0 | 0 | ||||
aA total of 93 fertilized oocytes were monitored for the formation of two pronuclei.
bA total of 80 fertilized oocytes were monitored for the formation of two pronuclei.
cPercentage of MII oocytes
dPercentage of the total number of 2-cell embryos used for the specific culture condition
eDifferent superscripts indicate the difference is significant (p < 0.05). In other words, the only significant difference is between the group of ESC medium on MEFs and the other groups for parthenogenetic activation.