Table 2. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (Cl) of colorectal cancer risk in relation to intake of soy products and isoflavones.
| Men (n = 2,496) | Women (n = 1,192) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls/cases(n) | Age-adjusted OR(95%CI) | Multivariate OR a (95%CI) | Controls/cases(n) | Age-adjusted OR(95%CI) | Multivariate OR a (95%CI) | ||
| Total soy products (g/day) | Total soy products (g/day) | ||||||
| Q1 (<40.34) | 468/144 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Q1 (<42.77) | 224/72 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (40.34-<64.64) | 468/194 | 1.28(1.00–1.65) | 1.38(1.05–1.80) | Q2 (42.77-<70.29) | 223/96 | 1.34(0.93–1.91) | 1.27(0.86–1.88) |
| Q3 (64.64-<105.03) | 468/201 | 1.34(1.04–1.72) | 1.40(1.07–1.83) | Q3 (70.29-<113.66) | 223/91 | 1.27(0.88–1.82) | 1.37(0.92–2.04) |
| Q4 (≥105.03) | 468/85 | 0.56(0.41–0.75) | 0.67(0.49–0.92) | Q4 (≥113.66) | 224/39 | 0.54(0.35–0.83) | 0.62(0.39–1.00) |
| P-value for trend | < .001 | 0.002 | P-value for trend | 0.001 | 0.028 | ||
| Legumes (g/day) | Legumes (g/day) | ||||||
| Q1 (<1.11) | 468/242 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Q1 (<1.22) | 223/120 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (1.11-<2.09) | 468/131 | 0.52(0.41–0.67) | 0.54(0.41–0.70) | Q2 (1.22-<2.40) | 224/74 | 0.61(0.43–0.86) | 0.68(0.46–0.99) |
| Q3 (2.09-<4.19) | 468/123 | 0.48(0.37–0.61) | 0.50(0.38–0.66) | Q3 (2.40-<5.82) | 223/50 | 0.41(0.28–0.60) | 0.45(0.30–0.69) |
| Q4 (≥4.19) | 468/128 | 0.47(0.37–0.61) | 0.49(0.37–0.64) | Q4 (≥5.82) | 224/54 | 0.44(0.30–0.64) | 0.47(0.31–0.71) |
| P-value for trend | < .001 | 0.001 | P-value for trend | 0.001 | 0.004 | ||
| Tofu (g/day) | Tofu (g/day) | ||||||
| Q1 (<17.19) | 468/112 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Q1 (<18.73) | 224/59 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (17.19-<30.77) | 468/185 | 1.65(1.26–2.15) | 1.82(1.37–2.42) | Q2 (18.73-<32.68) | 223/95 | 1.62(1.11–2.35) | 1.80(1.19–2.72) |
| Q3 (30.77-<52.86) | 468/228 | 1.92(1.47–2.49) | 2.03(1.54–2.69) | Q3 (32.68-<54.91) | 223/92 | 1.57(1.08–2.28) | 1.80(1.20–2.72) |
| Q4 (≥52.86) | 468/99 | 0.87(0.64–1.17) | 0.94(0.68–1.29) | Q4 (≥54.91) | 223/92 | 0.88(0.58–1.34) | 0.97(0.61–1.52) |
| P-value for trend | 0.036 | 0.093 | P-value for trend | 0135 | 0.295 | ||
| Soy milk (g/day) | Soy milk (g/day) | ||||||
| None (= 0) | 1068/360 | 1.00 | 1.00 | None (= 0) | 562/189 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Low (0<-21.35) | 402/207 | 1.59(1.29–1.95) | 1.74(1.39–2.17) | Low (0<-19.1) | 166/70 | 1.25(0.91–1.74) | 1.50(1.04–2.15) |
| High (≥21.35) | 402/57 | 0.41(0.31–0.56) | 0.47(0.34–0.64) | High (≥19.1) | 166/39 | 0.70(0.47–1.03) | 0.82(0.54–1.25) |
| P-value for trend | < .001 | < .001 | P-value for trend | 0.037 | 0.193 | ||
| Sprouts (g/day) | Sprouts (g/day) | ||||||
| Q1 (<5.29) | 468/223 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Q1 (<5.21) | 223/92 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (5.29-<10.67) | 468/204 | 0.93(0.74–1.17) | 0.99(0.77–1.26) | Q2 (5.21-<11.24) | 224/94 | 1.02(0.72–1.43) | 0.87(0.66–1.42) |
| Q3 (10.67-<20.50) | 468/139 | 0.64(0.50–0.82) | 0.69(0.53–0.91) | Q3 (11.24-<21.86) | 223/76 | 0.83(0.58–1.18) | 0.77(0.52–1.14) |
| Q4 (≥20.50) | 468/58 | 0.26(0.18–0.35) | 0.29(0.21–0.40) | Q4 (≥21.86) | 224/36 | 0.39(0.25–0.60) | 0.39(0.25–0.62) |
| P-value for trend | < .001 | < .001 | P-value for trend | < .001 | < .001 | ||
| Fermented soy paste (g/day) | Fermented soy paste (g/day) | ||||||
| Q1 (<1.95) | 468/93 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Q1 (<2.08) | 223/52 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (1.95-<4.04) | 468/159 | 1.70(1.27–2.26) | 1.81(1.33–2.45) | Q2 (2.08-<4.50) | 224/88 | 1.69(1.14–2.49) | 1.62(1.06–2.49) |
| Q3 (4.04-<8.32) | 468/186 | 1.91(1.44–2.53) | 2.06(1.53–2.78) | Q3 (4.50-<8.70) | 223/86 | 1.66(1.12–2.45) | 1.57(1.02–2.41) |
| Q4 (≥8.32) | 468/186 | 1.86(1.40–2.47) | 1.82(1.35–2.46) | Q4 (≥8.70) | 224/72 | 1.38(0.92–2.08) | 1.22(0.77–1.91) |
| P-value for trend | 0.002 | 0.012 | P-value for trend | 0.615 | 0.874 | ||
| Isoflavone mg/day) | Isoflavone (mg/day) | ||||||
| Q1 (<7.63) | 468/142 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Q1 (<8.08) | 223/72 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (7.63-<12.56) | 468/186 | 1.26(0.97–1.62) | 1.34(1.02–1.76) | Q2 (8.08<13.83) | 224/103 | 1.42(1.00–2.02) | 1.14(0.98–2.13) |
| Q3 (12.56-<20.89) | 468/195 | 1.28(1.00–1.66) | 1.37(1.04–1.79) | Q3 (13.83-<22.35) | 224/76 | 1.04(0.72–1.52) | 1.12(0.74–1.70) |
| Q4 (≥20.89) | 468/101 | 0.65(0.48–0.86) | 0.71(0.52–0.97) | Q4 (≥22.35) | 223/47 | 0.65(0.43–0.98) | 0.78(0.50–1.23) |
| P-value for trend b | < .001 | 0.005 | P-value for trend | 0.004 | 0.087 | ||
| Daidzein (mg/day) | Daidzein (mg/day) | ||||||
| Q1 (<3.20) | 468/138 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Q1 (<3.38) | 223/74 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (3.20-<5.28) | 468/182 | 1.25(0.96–1.61) | 1.28(0.97–1.69) | Q2 (3.38-<5.89) | 224/104 | 1.40(0.98–1.98) | 1.45(0.98–2.14) |
| Q3 (5.28-<9.04) | 468/194 | 1.30(1.01–1.68) | 1.39(1.06–1.82) | Q3 (5.89-<9.89) | 224/68 | 0.91(0.62–1.33) | 1.02(0.70–1.55) |
| Q4 (≥9.04) | 468/110 | 0.71(0.54–0.95) | 0.77(0.57–1.04) | Q4 (≥9.89) | 223/52 | 0.70(0.46–1.04) | 0.80(0.51–1.26) |
| P-value for trend | 0.003 | 0.017 | P-value for trend | 0.007 | 0.076 | ||
| Genistein (mg/day) | Genistein (mg/day) | ||||||
| Q1 (<3.33) | 468/136 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Q1 (<3.56) | 224/69 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (3.33-<5.57) | 468/168 | 1.18(0.91–1.53) | 1.25(0.95–1.65) | Q2 (3.56-<6.08) | 223/97 | 1.41(0.98–2.02) | 1.47(0.99–2.18) |
| Q3 (5.57-<9.09) | 468/209 | 1.43(1.11–1.84) | 1.46(1.11–1.91) | Q3 (6.08-<9.79) | 224/83 | 1.20(0.83–1.74) | 1.20(0.80–1.81) |
| Q4 (≥9.09) | 468/111 | 0.75(0.57–1.00) | 0.84(0.62–1.14) | Q4 (≥9.79) | 223/49 | 0.71(0.47–1.07) | 0.86(0.55–1.35) |
| P-value for trend | 0.028 | 0.155 | P-value for trend | 0.022 | 0.215 | ||
| Glycitein (mg/day) | Glycitein (mg/day) | ||||||
| Q1 (<0.85) | 468/144 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Q1 (<0.93) | 224/84 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (0.85-<1.38) | 468/197 | 1.32(1.03–1.70) | 1.45(1.11–1.90) | Q2 (0.93-<1.43) | 223/78 | 0.93(0.65–1.34) | 1.05(0.71–1.56) |
| Q3 (1.38-<2.21) | 468/205 | 1.36(1.06–1.75) | 1.49(1.14–1.94) | Q3 (1.43-<2.44) | 223/103 | 1.23(0.87–1.73) | 1.37(0.94–2.00) |
| Q4 (≥2.21) | 468/78 | 0.52(0.38–0.71) | 0.60(0.44–0.83) | Q4 (≥2.44) | 224/33 | 0.39(0.25–0.61) | 0.47(0.29–0.76) |
| P-value for trend | < .001 | < .001 | P-value for trend | < .001 | 0.004 | ||
a Adjusted by age, education, alcohol consumption, and regular exercise
b Test for trend calculated with the median intake for each category of soybean products or isoflavone intake as a continuous variable.