Table 3.
Treatment and medical utilization among subjects with definite and possible COPD
| Metric | COPD cohorts
|
P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Definitea
|
Possibleb
|
|||
| Ever-smoker (n=68) | Never-smoker (n=69) | Ever-smokers (n=267) | ||
| mMRC | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 0.7±0.91 | 1.0±0.90 | 0.7±0.90 | 0.162c |
| Median | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.035d |
| CAT | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 14.6±8.23 | 14.6±8.46 | 12.6±6.49 | 0.037e |
| Median | 13 | 15 | 12 | 0.099f |
| Number of comorbidities | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 0.6±0.82 | 0.8±0.91 | 0.5±0.67 | 0.010g |
| Median | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.046d |
| Receive treatment, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 25 (36.8) | 33 (47.8) | 32 (12.0) | <0.001h |
| No | 43 (63.2) | 36 (52.2) | 235 (88.0) | |
| Times visited ER | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 2.9±8.25 | 0.2±0.44 | 1.1±1.26 | 0.416c |
| Median | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.169f |
| Times hospitalized | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 0.6±1.12 | 0.0±0.00 | 1.6±2.93 | 0.139c |
| Median | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.023i |
| Times admitted to ICU or intubated | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 0.2±0.38 | 0.0±0.00 | 0.3±0.59 | 0.368c |
| Median | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.373f |
Notes:
COPD reported to have been clinically diagnosed by a pulmonary specialist.
Respiratory symptoms that fulfill the epidemiological case definition of COPD and ever-smoker.
One-way ANOVA.
Kruskal–Wallis test: COPD never-smoker > possible COPD.
One-way ANOVA: COPD ever-smoker > possible COPD; COPD never-smoker > possible COPD.
Kruskal–Wallis test.
One-way ANOVA: COPD never-smoker > possible COPD.
2×3 chi-square test.
Kruskal–Wallis test: possible COPD > COPD never-smoker.
Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; ER, emergency room; ICU, intensive care unit; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council Breathlessness Scale; SD, standard deviation.