Table 2. Socio demographic and psychosocial factors associated with low quality of life of participants.
| Family affected by HIV/AID | Family not affected by HIV/AID | Combined sample | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Participants' characteristics | Low OQOL (%) | χ2 | p | Low OQOL (%) | χ2 | p | Low OQOL (%) | χ2 | p |
| Family HIV and AIDS status | |||||||||
| FAHA | 124 (27.0) | 26.61 | <0.001 | ||||||
| FNAHA | 69 (13.8) | ||||||||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 66 (28.0) | 2.09 | 0.35 | 28 (11.9) | 1.28 | 0.53 | 94 (19.9) | 1.46 | 0.48 |
| Female | 58 (26.0) | 40 (15.2) | 98 (20.1) | ||||||
| Age of participants | |||||||||
| <13 | 33 (44.0) | 14.84 | 0.005 | 7 (14.9) | 1.73 | 0.79 | 40 (32.8) | 14.52 | 0.006 |
| 13-17 | 75 (24.3) | 53 (13.1) | 128 (18.0) | ||||||
| 18-19 | 11 (22.0) | 5 (15.2) | 16 (19.3) | ||||||
| Area of residence | |||||||||
| Rural area | 87 (34.7) | 23.57 | <0.001 | 32 (17.0) | 3.73 | 0.16 | 119 (27.1) | 31.86 | <0.001 |
| Urban area | 26 (14.9) | 33 (11.5) | 59 (12.8) | ||||||
| Ethnicity | |||||||||
| TIV | 108 (29.9) | 15.01 | 0.005 | 44 (13.3) | 2.85 | 0.58 | 152 (22.0) | 11.07 | 0.03 |
| Idoma/Igede | 3 (8.8) | 11 (18.6) | 14 (15.1) | ||||||
| Others | 11 (19.0) | 12 (11.2) | 23 (13.9) | ||||||
| Family type | |||||||||
| Monogamy | 72 (25.3) | 2.51 | 0.29 | 46 (13.0) | 1.54 | 0.46 | 118 (18.4) | 5.76 | 0.06 |
| Polygamy | 51 (32.3) | 23 (16.9) | 74 (25.2) | ||||||
| Family status | |||||||||
| Parents are together | 61 (20.5) | 26.29 | <0.001 | 53 (13.2) | 2.74 | 0.60 | 114 (16.3) | 31.48 | <0.001 |
| Divorced/separated Parents | 21 (46.7) | 7 (21.2) | 28 (35.9) | ||||||
| Single Parent | 39 (39.4) | 8 (13.8) | 47 (29.9) | ||||||
| Mother's highest level of education | |||||||||
| No formal education | 37 (45.7) | 47.26 | <0.001 | 10 (35.7) | 18.63 | 0.01 | 47 (43.1) | 75.41 | <0.001 |
| Up to secondary education | 71 (33.2) | 29 (15.5) | 100 (24.9) | ||||||
| Tertiary education | 6 (6.5) | 20 (11.6) | 26 (9.8) | ||||||
| Others | 6 (11.3) | 7 (7.3) | 13 (8.7) | ||||||
| Mother's occupation | |||||||||
| Farming | 84 (42.9) | 52.91 | <0.001 | 24 (21.6) | 12.63 | 0.05 | 108 (35.2) | 73.47 | <0.001 |
| Trading | 16 (16.3) | 15 (10.3) | 31 (12.8) | ||||||
| Public employment | 2 (7.1) | 7 (17.9) | 9 (13.4) | ||||||
| Private employment | 22 (17.7) | 21 (10.6) | 43 (13.3) | ||||||
| Emotion symptoms scale (ESS) | |||||||||
| Normal | 98 (26.2) | 14.52 | 0.006 | 57 (13.3) | 4.73 | 0.32 | 155 (19.4) | 8.92 | 0.06 |
| Borderline | 9 (22.5) | 8 (19.0) | 17 (20.7) | ||||||
| Abnormal | 17 (37.8) | 4 (12.5) | 21 (27.3) | ||||||
| Conduct problem Scale (CPS) | |||||||||
| Normal | 82 (31.7) | 7.88 | 0.10 | 40 (12.9) | 14.07 | 0.01 | 122 (21.4) | 13.67 | 0.008 |
| Borderline | 16 (21.3) | 14 (15.7) | 30 (18.3) | ||||||
| Abnormal | 26 (20.8) | 15 (14.7) | 41 (18.1) | ||||||
| Hyperactivities scale (HAS) | |||||||||
| Normal | 97 (26.1) | 5.47 | 0.24 | 58 (13.2) | 4.27 | 0.37 | 155 (19.1) | 5.00 | 0.29 |
| Borderline | 19 (37.3) | 4 (12.5) | 23 (27.7) | ||||||
| Abnormal | 8 (22.2) | 7 (25.0) | 15 (23.4) | ||||||
| Peer problem scale (PPS) | |||||||||
| Normal | 52 (25.5) | 3.30 | 0.51 | 27 (10.7) | 13.79 | 0.01 | 79 (17.3) | 15.00 | 0.005 |
| Borderline | 49 (30.1) | 34 (18.2) | 83 (23.7) | ||||||
| Abnormal | 23 (25.0) | 8 (13.1) | 31 (20.3) | ||||||
| Prosocial scale (PSS) | |||||||||
| Normal | 79 (24.8) | 10.68 | 0.03 | 40 (11.2) | 44.64 | <0.001 | 119 (17.6) | 46.68 | <0.001 |
| Borderline | 19 (29.7) | 10 (11.8) | 29 (19.5) | ||||||
| Abnormal | 26 (34.2) | 19 (32.8) | 45 (33.6) | ||||||
| Total difficulty score (TDS) | |||||||||
| Normal | 70 (26.6) | 12.17 | 0.02 | 40 (12.2) | 22.65 | <0.001 | 110 (18.6) | 32.50 | <0.001 |
| Borderline | 32 (31.7) | 22 (20.8) | 54 (26.1) | ||||||
| Abnormal | 22 (23.2) | 7 (10.6) | 29 (18.0) | ||||||
%- Data in parentheses are percentages across the categories of OQOL (i.e low, moderate & High)
Not: none reported cases were excluded from each analysis