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. 2015 Sep 10;135(12):2971–2981. doi: 10.1038/jid.2015.322

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Copyright © 2015 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Appearance of dermal hyperactivated macrophages in the BM after topical NM exposure. NM-exposed mice were injected intradermally with DiI post NM exposure with and without 25(OH)D. (a) Sternums were sectioned for co-localization of DiI (red), iNOS (blue) and F4/80⁺ (green) macrophages in the marrow (arrows) by confocal microscopy. Bone marrow cells were subjected to flow cytometric analysis (b) to detect F4/80+DiI+ and F480+DiI− macrophages, and for quantitative analysis of absolute cell numbers of (c) F4/80+ DiI+ cells (n=4; P=0.01, P=0.05) and (d) F4/80+DiI− cells (P<0.0001). pHrodo dye conjugated with bacteria was injected subcutaneously at the wound site 1 hour following NM exposure to detect (e) pHrodo-derived fluorescence in the sternum of NM-exposed mice 5 days after injection as visualized by Maestro imaging. Scale Bar=100 μm.