Table 2.

Possible agents and their method of action for Anti-AGE treatments

Drug/Agent	Source	Method of action
Vitexin and Isovitexin	Soybean	Free radical scavenging/metal ion trapping
Aminoguanidine	Synthetic	•Reacts with derivatives of early glycation products that are not bound on proteins (3-deoxyglucosone) •Inhibits lipid peroxidation and oxygen induced apoptosis Prevents cross-link formation
Vitamin C & E	Fruits	•Vitamin E blocks the protein glycation by inhibiting MDA (malondialdehyde) formation
Thymoquinone	Nigella sativa	•Inhibited the early stage of glycation Strongly inhibited the post Amadori glycation
Epigallocatechin gallate	Green tea	Trap MGO (methylglyoxal) under physiological conditions
Rutin	Tomato	•Inhibits auto-oxidation of glucose •Free radical scavenging/metal ion trapping Trapping of reactive dicarbonyl and reactive oxygen species
Microalgal extract	Chlorella and diatom Nitzchiva laevis	Carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids are supposed to have antiglycative properties.
Aspirin (Acetyl-salicylic acid)	Synthetic	Inhibit glycation by acetylating free amino groups of a protein, thereby blocking the attachment of reducing sugars
Vitamin B1 and B6	Whole grain cereals	•Prevents the degradation of protein-Amadori intermediates to protein-AGE products •Reduces hyperlipidemia and prevents AGE formation Scavenge reactive carbonyl compounds
Penicillamine	Amino acid metabolite of penicillin	•Reduce the level of AGEs through decreasing the formation of Amadori products