Table 1.

Patient characteristics and operative details

	Open (n = 109)		Thoracoscopy (n = 101)		P a
	n	%	n	%
Age (years)
Median (range)	62 (41–75)		63 (48–75)		0.522b
Gender
Male	93	85.3	82	81.2	0.462
Female	16	14.7	19	18.8
Body mass index
Median (range)	22 (13–29)		23 (17–28)		0.934b
Tumor location
Upper thoracic	12	11.0	15	14.9	0.183
Mid-thoracic	65	59.6	67	66.3
Lower thoracic	32	29.4	19	18.8
Tumor size
≤4 cm	76	69.7	70	69.3	1.000
>4 cm	33	30.3	31	30.7
Lymphadenectomy
Two-field	41	37.6	40	39.6	0.779
Three-field	68	62.4	61	60.4
Abdominal approach
Open	102	93.6	43	42.6	<0.0001
Laparoscopy	7	6.4	58	57.4
Reconstruction route
Ante-sternal	6	5.5	0	0	<0.0001
Retrosternal	50	45.9	23	22.8
Posterior mediastinal	53	48.6	78	77.2
Blood loss (mL)
Median (range)	412 (45–1,833)		293 (0–4,225)		<0.001b
Operating time (min)
Median (range)	399 (222–638)		510 (310–871)		<0.0001b
Red blood cell transfusion
Yes	5	4.5	3	3.0	0.723
Lymph nodes harvested
Median (range)	47 (19–120)		56 (18–120)		0.063b

^aFisher’s exact test

^bWilcoxon rank sum test