Table 7.
Upstaging rates after re-evaluation
| First author | Year | n | Mean LN before | Mean LN after | Upstaging N0/N+ | Up-rate | Location | Technique | Comment |
| Scott | 1989 | 103 | 6.2 | 12.4 | Yes | 8.6% | CR | Fat clearing | 5yFU available |
| Haboubi | 1992 | 41 | 6.7 | 58.2 | Yes | 28%1 | CR | Fat clearing | Based on HE; higher up-staging with ICH1 |
| Cohen | 1994 | 41 | 13 | 17 | ?1 | 1 | CR | Xylene | Upstaging in 1 single case; primary N-stage (N0/1) not given; %tage N+ not given1 |
| Koren | 1997 | 30 | 2.6 | 8.6 | Yes | 31% | CR | Fat clearing | |
| Brown | 2005 | 15 | 20.8 | 89.6 | Yes | 1 | CR | ESMT | 1 of 7; however unclear wether it was a LN metastasis or a deposit1 |
| Kim | 2007 | 48 | 19.4 | 43 | No | / | CR | ESMT | |
| Richter | 2007 | 188 | n.m. | n.m. | Yes | min 4% | CR | Fat clearing | Initinal insuff rate 59; after 9 |
| Vogel | 2008 | 80 | 6.9 | 11.3 | Yes | 2% | CR | Fat clearing | |
| Märkl | 2008 | 30 | 17 | 25 | Yes | 3% | C | Fat clearing | Primarily conventional technique |
| Märkl | 2008 | 30 | 35 | 40 | No | / | C | Fat clearing | Primarily methylen technique |
| Fan | 2010 | 115 | 9.1 | 14.2 | Yes | 5%-10%1 | CR | Re-evaluation | Insuff Rate 79%; Up Staging rate not exactly calculatable |
| Hernanz | 2010 | 50 | 13.9 | 23.9 | Yes | 4%1 | CR | Fat clearing | based on own calculation |
| Chapman | 2012 | 94 | 22.5 | 29 | Yes | 1 | CR | Schwartz-clearing | 1 single case upstaged1 |
| Chen | 2014 | 83 | 7.2 | 14.1 | No | / | CR | Re-evaluation: partly Fat clearing | |
| Ma | 2014 | 55 | 9.8 | 18.4 | Yes1 | 1 | CR | GEWF | Upstaging in cases with primary insufficient LNY; 3 cases N0 to N+1 |
1
See comment in the same row. CR: Colorectal; C: Colon; ESMT: Entire submission of mesenteric tissue; GEWF: Glacial acetic acid, ethanol, distilled water, formaldehyde; LN: Lymph node.