Alignment of AmpD enzymes. Amino acid sequences of AmpD from various bacteria are aligned. The positions of substitutions on AmpD from B. cenocepacia strain J2315 are highlighted. The resultant amino acid from each substitution event is shown above the column in an orange box. The functional residues identified by the Conserved Domain Database (CDD) from NCBI (45) are denoted by colored circles. Previously identified ampD mutation positions from various species (39) are denoted by stars. Abbreviations: C. freundii, Citrobacter freundii; S. enterica Typhimurium, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2; E. coli, Escherichia coli K-12; E. cloacae, Enterobacter cloacae; P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1.