TABLE 1.
Description of BLT humanized mice utilized to evaluate the effect of semen on vaginal HIV-1JR-CSF transmission
| Vehicle and mouse no. | PB humanization at time of exposurea |
Plasma viral loadb | Presence of cell-associated viral DNA inc: |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % CD45+ | % CD4+ | SPL | LN | BM | ORG | LIV | LNG | PB | ||
| Semen | ||||||||||
| 1 | 78.8 | 76.6 | Positive | + | + | + | + | + | + | ND |
| 2 | 83.9 | 69.6 | Positive | − | ND | + | − | + | + | ND |
| 3 | 74 | 73.9 | Positive | + | + | + | + | + | + | ND |
| 4 | 60.8 | 72.3 | Positive | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| 5 | 73.1 | 75.8 | Positive | − | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| 6 | 77.7 | 74.4 | Positive | − | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| 7 | 46.9 | 74.3 | Negative | − | ND | − | − | ND | − | ND |
| 8 | 80.4 | 74.8 | Negative | − | − | − | − | − | − | ND |
| 9 | 89.1 | 87.3 | Negative | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Mean ± SD | 73.8 ± 12.8 | 75.4 ± 4.9 | ||||||||
| Vehicle | ||||||||||
| 10 | 84.2 | 88.9 | Positive | + | + | + | + | + | + | ND |
| 11 | 51.6 | 75.1 | Positive | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| 12 | 69.9 | 82.5 | Negative | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| 13d | 67.3 | 85.2 | Positive | − | − | − | − | ND | ND | − |
| 14 | 60.8 | 76.6 | Positive | − | + | + | + | + | + | ND |
| 15 | 46.8 | 82.1 | Positive | − | + | + | + | − | − | ND |
| Mean ± SD | 63.4 ± 13.5 | 81.7 ± 5.2 | ||||||||
| Semen with 5 mM maraviroc pretreatment | ||||||||||
| 30 | 86.6 | 87.1 | Negative | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| 31 | 84.8 | 86.6 | Negative | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| 32 | 75 | 84.8 | Negative | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| 33 | 85.5 | 85.6 | Negative | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| 34 | 89 | 87.8 | Negative | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| 35 | 80.5 | 88.8 | Negative | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Mean ± SD | 83.6 ± 5 | 86.8 ± 1.5 | ||||||||
Gating strategy: live→human CD45 (% CD45+)→human CD3→human CD4 (% CD4+). PB, peripheral blood.
The limit of detection was 800 HIV RNA copies/ml plasma.
Shown are real-time PCR results representative of DNA extracted from 3.6 × 104 to 1 × 106 cells or 15 μl blood at the time of harvest. The assay limit of detection is 10 copies. +, positive for HIV DNA; −, negative for HIV DNA. ND, not done; SPL, spleen; LN, lymph node; BM, bone marrow; ORG, thymic organoid; LIV, liver; LNG, lung.
Mouse 13 was harvested 5 days postexposure and was HIV positive in plasma (11,000 RNA copies/ml). The mouse was negative for HIV DNA in the tissues at this early time point.