Figure 4. 30 × 30 μm² (150 × 150 pixels) dynamical mechanical maps of membrane cells of inner part of a pumpkin seed imaged in water after developing a sprout of ~1 mm in size.

(a) Maps of height, (b) static modulus, (c) dynamic indentation, (d,e) storage and (g,h) loss moduli (and their frequency gradients (f,i,k)). The bottom row shows: (j) an optical image of the entire seed, the location of the imaged area, and the sprout; (k) loss modulus gradient and the direction towards sprout in all shown AFM images. The imaging is done in room temperature (23 °C).