Figure 1.

Non-social behaviors exhibited by newly-paired prairie voles with various restrictions on freedom of movement among cages. A) Amount of time spent in each half of a two-cage apparatus by the male vole when the female was tethered to restrict her movements to a single cage; by the female when the male’s movements were restricted, and when neither animals’ movements were restricted. The asterisk indicates significantly less time spent in the unoccupied cage than in the cage were the partner was tethered (p < 0.001); n.s. indicates no significant group differences. B) Number of cage crossings by male voles with tethered female mates, by females with tethered male mates, and by pairs in which neither animal was tethered