Table 4.
Aetiology of radiologically confirmed pneumonia in Malawian children in 2011 using different laboratory methods
| No. | HIV+ (%) | Blood culture | Lung aspirate culture | Lung aspirate latex | Lung aspirate PCR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacterial aeteology | ||||||
| Total | 45 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 36 | |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 37 | 68 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 31 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae / Streptococcus typhimurium | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | NT |
| Haemophilus infuenzae type b | 6 | 67 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
| Viral aeteology | ||||||
| Total | 24 | NT | NT | NT | 24 | |
| Adenovirus | 15 | 53 | NT | NT | NT | 15 |
| Bocavirus | 4 | 50 | NT | NT | NT | 4 |
| Cytomegalovirus | 3 | 100 | NT | NT | NT | 3 |
| Atypical | ||||||
| Chlamydia pneumoniae | 2 | 0 | NT | NT | NT | 2 |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | 0 | NT | NT | NT | 0 | |
| Pneumocystis jirovecii | 3 | 100 | NT | NT | NT | 3 |
NT, not tested; PCP, pneumocystis pneumonia; Hib, Haemophilus infuenzae type b; CMV, cytomegalovirus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PCR, polymerase chain reaction
Bacteria: 2 patients had mixed infection with S. typhimurium and S. pneumoniae; 1 had S. typhimurium from blood culture and S. pneumoniae from blood PCR, and adenovirus from lung aspirate PCR, 1 had S. typhimurium from blood and lung aspirate culture and S. pneumoniae from lung aspirate PCR, 7 had S. pneumoniae/adenovirus, 1 had S. pneumoniae/chlamydia, 1 case with S. pneumoniae had Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultured from nasopharyngeal aspirate after induced sputum.
Pneumocystis: 1 patient had PCP/Hib, 1 patient had PCP/CMV, 1 patient had PCP/adenovirus
Viruses: 1 adenovirus/CMV, 1 adenovirus/chlamydia, 1 bocavirus/CMV
Reproduced from Carrol et al [42]