Figure 5.

BM-MSCs improved MMP and reduced ROS production through autophagy in chronic HG-treated INS-1 cells. (a) MMP was measured using the JC-1 probe by flow cytometry. (c and d) JC-1 aggregates (cells emitting red fluorescence in the FL2 channel) suggested normal MMP in INS-1 cells. In contrast, accumulation of JC-1 monomers (cells emitting green JC-1 detected in the FL1 channel) indicated MMP depolarization in INS-1 cells. The percentages of INS-1 cells containing JC-1 aggregates or JC-1 monomers were respectively shown in the histograms. (b and e) Intracellular ROS level was stained with DCFH-DA and detected by flow cytometry. BM-MSCs reduced ROS production in INS-1 cells cultured in a HG medium, but this effect could be suppressed by 3-MA and CQ. Data are expressed as means±S.E. of three replicates from five separate experiments. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 versus control group; ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.01 versus HG group; ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.01 versus HG+BM-MSCs group