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. 2015 Apr 23;6(4):e1730. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2015.66

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Copyright © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited

Cell Death and Disease is an open-access journal published by Nature Publishing Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Upregulation of Hgf in mdx;p65^+/− skeletal muscle at 4 weeks of age correlates with accelerated regeneration. (a) Real-time RT-PCR demonstrated that Hgf expression was elevated in mdx:p65^+/− muscle at 4 weeks, coinciding with enhanced regeneration, quantified as the percent of centrally nucleated muscle fibers in (b) (*versus WT, P⩽0.05; ⁺versus WT, P⩽0.10; ^#versus mdx, P⩽0.05). (c) ZsGreen+ centrally nucleated fibers indicated that muscle progenitor cells were transduced by the AAV vector (arrows, top). (d) After 4 weeks, Hgf expression was significantly reduced in the DIA and GAS muscles of HGF-shRNA-treated mdx;p65^+/− mice compared with the ct-shRNA-treated group (P⩽0.05, ⁺shHGF versus ct-shRNA; *GAS, ⁺DIA). (e) Silencing of Hgf worsens the histopathology of the DIA muscle from treated mdx;p65^+/− mice (top) and mdx mice. (f) We quantified the necrotic/inflammatory lesions in H&E-stained DIA tissue sections from treated mice by measuring the lesions as percent area; n=4–6 mice per group. Data are displayed as mean±S.E.M.