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. 2015 May 14;5:9991. doi: 10.1038/srep09991

Figure 1. Number of exosomes in sera of human subjects and mice after alcohol consumption.

Figure 1

A) Number of exosomes after binge alcohol drinking in healthy volunteer human subjects (n = 11) was measured at various time points (30 minutes, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 24 h). The measurements were done using a Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) system in triplicate and data presented as fold change of exosome number. B) Exosomes isolated from sera of healthy individual after binge alcohol drinking as described in the method section. TaqMan® miRNA assay was used to identify levels of miRNA-122 and miRNA-155. C) The animals (n = 6) received 5 g/kg 50% (v/v) alcohol diluted in water via oral gavage. Blood was collected from animals and serum was separated from the whole blood. The total number of exosomes in sera of mice 6 h and 12 h after binge alcohol drinking was counted using an NTA system and data presented as particles/ml. D) Exosomes isolated from sera of binge alcohol-fed mice as described in the method section. Using TaqMan® miRNA assay, the level of miRNA-122 was identified. E) For chronic alcohol consumption model, the animals (n = 6) received 5% (v/v) ethanol (36% ethanol-derived calories) containing Lieber-DeCarli diet (EtOH) for 5 weeks and control animals received pair-fed diet (PF) with an identical amount of calories where the alcohol-derived calories were substituted with dextran-maltose. Blood was collected from animals and serum was separated from the whole blood. The exosomes were counted using an NTA system and data presented as particles/ml. F) Exosomes isolated from sera of 5-week alcohol fed mice and level of miRNA-122 was determined using TaqMan® miRNA assay. The results represent three independent experiments. (*indicates p < 0.05 versus control conditions)