TABLE 2.
Cell entry pathways of the virus families analyzeda
| Cell entry pathway | Virus family [reference(s)]b |
|---|---|
| Endocytosis | Caliciviridae (102) |
| Hepeviridae (111) | |
| Parvoviridae (123, 124) | |
| Phycodnaviridae (46) | |
| Hepadnaviridae* (135) | |
| Macropinocytosis | Adenoviridae (103) |
| Birnaviridae (108) | |
| Papillomaviridae (117) | |
| Mimiviridae (125) | |
| Totiviridae (130) | |
| Filoviridae* (136–138) | |
| Herpesviridae* (141) | |
| Nodaviridae* (145) | |
| Paramyxoviridae* (148, 149) | |
| Poxviridae* (27) | |
| Clathrin mediated | Adenoviridae (104–106) |
| Astroviridae (112) | |
| Circoviridae (118) | |
| Luteoviridae (126) | |
| Papillomaviridae (131, 132) | |
| Pestiviridae (139) | |
| Picornaviridae (142, 143) | |
| Polyomaviridae (146) | |
| Reoviridae (150, 151) | |
| Iridoviridae(*) (152) | |
| Coronaviridae* (154) | |
| Arenaviridae* (156) | |
| Arteriviridae* (158–160) | |
| Asfarviridae* (162) | |
| Baculoviridae* (166, 167) | |
| Bornaviridae* (169) | |
| Bunyaviridae* (170) | |
| Filoviridae* (171) | |
| Flaviviridae* (172, 173) | |
| Orthomyxoviridae* (174) | |
| Paramyxoviridae* (175) | |
| Retroviridae* (176, 177) | |
| Rhabdoviridae* (178) | |
| Togaviridae* (179–181) | |
| Caveolae | Papillomaviridae (107) |
| Picornaviridae (113) | |
| Polyomaviridae (119, 120) | |
| Hepadnaviridae* (127) | |
| Retroviridae* (133) | |
| Lipid raft | Birnaviridae (108) |
| Caliciviridae (114) | |
| Orthomyxoviridae* (128) | |
| Fusion | Corticoviridae (109) |
| Phycodnaviridae (45) | |
| Picornaviridae (121) | |
| Tectiviridae (109) | |
| Iridoviridae(*) (134) | |
| Arenaviridae* (140) | |
| Baculoviridae* (144) | |
| Coronaviridae* (147) | |
| Cystoviridae* (50) | |
| Herpesviridae* (153) | |
| Malacoherpesviridae* (155) | |
| Paramyxoviridae* (157) | |
| Plasmaviridae* (59, 161) | |
| Polydnaviridae* (163–165) | |
| Retroviridae* (168) | |
| Ejectionc | Microviridae (47) |
| Myoviridae (115, 116) | |
| Podoviridae (122) | |
| Siphoviridae (129) | |
| Pilus retraction | Inoviridae (61) |
| Leviviridae? (43) | |
| Membrane penetration | Picobirnaviridae? (110) |
a
Families where no entry pathways have been published are not listed.
b
Enveloped virus families are indicated by a * symbol, while (*) indicates virus families containing enveloped and nonenveloped forms. A? symbol indicates putative exit pathways. The corresponding source publication(s) or reference(s) is shown in parentheses at the end of an entry.
c
Ejection indicates membrane penetration, cell wall digestion, and genome ejection.