Table 2.
HIV-1 Prevention Efficacy Trials Conducted in Asia Between 1995 and 2010
| Study | Years of implementation | Vaccines/drugs | Phase | Volunteers' risk | Location | HIV incidence per 100 person years | Result | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vax003 | 1995–1998 | AIDSVAX B/E gp120 in alum | III | People who inject drugs | Bangkok, Thailand | 3.4% | No efficacy | 111 |
| RV144 | 2003–2009 | ALVAC-HIV vCP1521 and AIDSVAX B/E rgp120 in alum | III | Community risk | Rayong and Chonburi provinces, Thailand | 0.28% | 31.2% efficacy at 42 months, 60% at 12 months against HIV acquisition; no effect on plasma viral load and CD4 count | 112–115 |
| iPrEx | 2007–2009 | Daily oral emtricitabineand tenofovir disoproxil fumarate | III | Men who have sex with men | Chiang Mai, Thailand (and 5 other countries)a | 3.9% overall | 44% in reduction of HIV incidence (global) | 144 |
| PrEP | 2005–2010 | Same as above | III | People who inject drugs | Bangkok, Thailand | 0.68% | 48.9% in reduction of HIV incidence | 143 |
| HPTN 052 (TasP) | 2007–2010 | Various combinations of antiretroviral drugsb | III | HIV-1 serodiscordant couples | Thailand, India (and 7 other countries)c | 1.2% overall | Relative reduction of 96% of linked HIV-1 transmissions after early ART initiation | 161,162 |
| TasP | 2003–2011 | Antiretroviral therapy | Retrospective observational cohort of HIV-1 serodiscordant couples | China | 2.6% | Relative reduction of 26% of HIV-1 transmission | 170 |
Peru, Ecuador, South Africa, Brazil, United States.
Combination of lamivudine and zidovudine (Combivir), efavirenz, atazanavir, nevirapine, tenofovir, lamivudine, zidovudine, didanosine, stavudine, combination of lopinavir and ritonavir (Kaletra and Aluvia), ritonavir, and combination of emtricitabine and tenofovir (Truvada).
Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Brazil, United States.
ALVAC-HIV (vCP1521), recombinant canarypox vector expressing Gag and protease subtype B (LAI) and env gp120 CRF01_AE (TH023) linked to the transmembrane-anchoring portion of subtype B gp41 (LAI) genes; AIDSVAX B/E, bivalent recombinant gp120 proteins subtype B (MN) and CRF01-AE (A244); iPrEx and PrEP, preexposure prophylaxis; TasP, treatment as prevention.