TABLE 2.

Parameter estimates of the individual meta-analysis mixed-effects linear models by sanitizer, predicting the microbial mean log reduction in fresh produce as a function of microorganism, sanitizer concentration, and washing time and temperature^a

Sanitizer	Parameters	Mean	SE	Pr > |t|	AIC/BIC
AA	Predictors of R
	E. coli	1.234 X	0.909	0.307	27/31
	Listeriab	—	—	—
	Salmonella	1.325 Y	0.565	0.143
	Concn	0.103	0.072	0.181
	Temp	0.022	0.004	<0.0001
	Time	0.029	0.007	<0.0001
	Variances
	s2u (intercept)	0.705			I2 = 99%
	s2 (residual)	0.004
CA	Predictors of R
	E. coli	2.576 Y	0.429	<0.0001	102/121
	Listeria	2.337 X	0.430	<0.0001
	Salmonella	2.868 Z	0.425	<0.0001
	Concn	0.500	0.057	<0.0001
	Temp	0.032	0.008	<0.0001
	Time	0.043	0.003	<0.0001
	Variances
	s2u (intercept)	0.436			I2 = 82%
	s2 (residual)	0.095
MA	Predictors of R
	E. coli	4.223 X	0.207	<0.0001	5/18
	Listeria	4.538 Z	0.212	<0.0001
	Salmonella	4.444 Y	0.207	<0.0001
	Concn	0.692	0.041	<0.0001
	Tempc	—	—	—
	Time	0.051	0.003	<0.0001
	Variances
	s2u (intercept)	0.0007			I2 = 12%
	s2 (residual)	0.0053
SAEW	Predictors of R
	E. coli	11.34 X	0.340	<.00001	32/49
	Listeria	11.45 X	0.359	<0.0001
	Salmonella	11.31 X	0.341	<0.0001
	Concn	1.573	0.039	<0.0001
	Tempc	—	—	—
	Time	0.019	0.005	<0.0001
	Variances
	s2u (intercept)	0.591			I2 = 94%
	s2 (residual)	0.037
PAA	Predictors of R
	E. coli	3.843 Z	0.655	<0.0001	62/74
	Listeria	3.295 X	0.658	<0.0001
	Salmonella	3.535 Y	0.653	<0.0001
	Concn	0.491	0.116	<0.0001
	Temp	NS		—
	Time	0.057	0.030	0.067
	Variances
	s2u (intercept)	0.568			I2 = 89%
	s2 (residual)	0.067
SH	Predictors of R
	E. coli	3.143 X	0.712	<0.0001	289/307
	Listeria	3.233 X	0.719	<0.0001
	Salmonella	3.861 Y	0.719	<0.0001
	Concn	0.383	0.148	0.012
	Temp	NS
	Time	0.097	0.047	0.043
	Variances
	s2u (intercept)	1.040			I2 = 94%
	s2 (residual)	0.061
CD	Predictors of R
	E. coli	8.450 X	1.085	<0.0001	359/378
	Listeria	8.914 Y	1.084	<0.0001
	Salmonella	8.855 Y	1.066	<0.0001
	Concn	0.854	0.115	<0.0001
	Temp	NS
	Time	0.054	0.010	<0.0001
	Variances
	s2u (intercept)	1.413			I2 = 92%
	s2 (residual)	0.119
Water	Predictors of R
	E. coli	1.765 Y	0.318	<0.0001	27/40
	Listeria	1.754 Y	0.331	<0.0001
	Salmonella	1.653 X	0.322	<0.0001
	Concnd	—	—	—
	Temp	−0.080	0.022	0.001
	Temp (quadratic effect)c	0.001	0.000	<0.0001
	Time	−0.003	0.005	0.600
	Variances
	s2u (intercept)	0.181			I2 = 98%
	s2 (residual)	0.003
ASC	Predictors of R
	E. coli	2.053 Y	0.525	<0.0001	88/100
	Listeria	1.625 X	0.628	0.015
	Salmonella	2.686 Z	0.682	<0.0001
	Concn	0.493	0.119	<0.0001
	Temp	0.472	0.059	0.001
	Temp (quadratic effect)c	−0.011	0.002	0.001
	Time	−0.254	0.046	<0.0001
	Variances
	s2u (intercept)	0.052			I2 = 48%
	s2 (residual)	0.056
HP	Predictors of R
	E. coli	1.739 X	0.751	0.146	8/14
	Listeriab	—
	Salmonella	2.906 Y	0.601	0.040
	Concn	0.348	0.137	0.027
	Temp	0.031	0.007	0.001
	Time	0.059	0.043	0.197
	Variances
	s2u (intercept)	0.052			I2 = 66%
	s2 (residual)	0.026

^aDifferent letters (X, Y, and Z) indicate significant differences in log reduction among microorganisms. NS, not significant. —, parameter not calculated.

^bNo data for L. monocytogenes were available.

^cAs data were available only for ambient temperature, a temperature covariate could not be included.

^dThe concentration covariate was not included as it has no meaning for water.