Table 2.
Adjusted hazard ratios (and 95% CIs) for associations of incident breast cancer with baseline levels of adipokines and inflammatory markers in the WHI-OS participants
| Factor, model | Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | P trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leptin | |||||
| Quartile cutpoints, pg/mL | ≤7294 | 7295-15 007 | 15 008–25 517 | ≥25 518 | |
| No. case patients/No. subcohort members | 211/216 | 260/208 | 190/204 | 213/193 | |
| Age and ethnicity adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.26 (0.96 to 1.65) | 0.97 (0.73 to 1.28) | 1.20 (0.91 to 1.59) | .554 |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR* (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.56 (1.13 to 2.15) | 1.14 (0.79 to 1.65) | 1.39 (0.93 to 2.09) | .279 |
| Adiponectin | |||||
| Quartile cutpoints, ng/mL | ≤19 678 | 19 679–28 326 | 28 327–39 526 | ≥39 527 | |
| No. case patients/No. subcohort members | 210/183 | 223/206 | 220/213 | 222/218 | |
| Age and ethnicity adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 0.92 (0.69 to 1.22) | 0.88 (0.66 to 1.17) | 0.84 (0.63 to 1.11) | .212 |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR* (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 0.88 (0.65 to 1.20) | 0.76 (0.55 to 1.06) | 0.76 (0.55 to 1.06) | .078 |
| Resistin | |||||
| Quartile cutpoints, ng/mL | ≤9.86 | 9.87–12.46 | 12.47–15.70 | ≥15.8 | |
| No. case patients/No. subcohort members | 229/212 | 234/209 | 221/200 | 191/200 | |
| Age and ethnicity adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.03 (0.79 to 1.35) | 0.96 (0.73 to 1.26) | 0.85 (0.64 to 1.13) | .227 |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR* (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.01 (0.75 to 1.37) | 0.99 (0.73 to 1.35) | 0.93 (0.68 to 1.27) | .664 |
| CRP | |||||
| Quartile cutpoints, µg/mL | ≤0.91 | 0.92–2.01 | 2.02–4.57 | ≥4.58 | |
| No. case patients/No. subcohort members | 199/208 | 195/207 | 238/195 | 223/188 | |
| Age and ethnicity adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 0.99 (0.75 to 1.31) | 1.34 (1.02 to 1.77) | 1.32 (1.00 to 1.75) | .012 |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR* (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.01 (0.73 to 1.39) | 1.31 (0.93 to 1.85) | 1.24 (0.86 to 1.80) | .120 |
| IL-6 | |||||
| Quartile cutpoints, pg/mL | ≤0.92 | 0.93–1.47 | 1.48–2.31 | ≥2.32 | |
| No. case patients/No. subcohort members | 226/206 | 230/209 | 187/202 | 213/178 | |
| Age and ethnicity adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 0.92 (0.70 to 1.21) | 0.82 (0.62 to 1.09) | 1.08 (0.82 to 1.43) | .801 |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR* (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.03 (0.75 to 1.42) | 0.87 (0.63 to 1.22) | 1.20 (0.85 to 1.69) | .528 |
| TNF-α | |||||
| Quartile cutpoints, pg/mL | ≤1.81 | 1.82–2.62 | 2.63–3.62 | ≥3.63 | |
| No. case patients/No. subcohort members | 220/204 | 235/204 | 222/203 | 179/188 | |
| Age and ethnicity adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.03 (0.78 to 1.35) | 0.97 (0.73 to 1.27) | 0.80 (0.60 to 1.08) | .144 |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR* (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.01 (0.75 to 1.37) | 1.00 (0.74 to 1.36) | 0.82 (0.59 to 1.14) | .292 |
| PAI-1 | |||||
| Quartile cutpoints, pg/mL | ≤9187 | 9188-14 395 | 14 396–21 348 | ≥21 349 | |
| No. case patients/No. subcohort members | 207/210 | 231/204 | 212/198 | 208/187 | |
| Age and ethnicity adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.20 (0.92 to 1.58) | 1.09 (0.83 to 1.44) | 1.14 (0.86 to 1.50) | .513 |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR* (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.29 (0.95 to 1.74) | 1.18 (0.86 to 1.63) | 1.33 (0.96 to 1.86) | .145 |
| HGF | |||||
| Quartile cutpoints, pg/mL | ≤407 | 408–613 | 614–869 | ≥870 | |
| No. case patients/No. subcohort members | 223/209 | 217/212 | 214/210 | 220/189 | |
| Age and ethnicity adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 0.93 (0.70 to 1.22) | 0.93 (0.71 to 1.22) | 1.03 (0.78 to 1.36) | .867 |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR* (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.03 (0.76 to 1.39) | 0.97 (0.71 to 1.31) | 1.20 (0.87 to 1.65) | .369 |
*Multivariable model adjusted for age, ethnicity, alcohol consumption, family history of breast cancer, parity, years of menstrual cycling, age at first child’s birth, use of hormone therapy, endogenous estradiol levels (in non–hormone therapy users only), history of benign breast disease, body mass index, and physical activity. All statistical tests were two-sided. CI = confidence interval; CRP = C-reactive protein; HGF = hepatocyte growth factor; HR = hazard ratio; IL-6 = interleukin-6; PAI-1 = plasminogen activator inhibitor–1; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α; WHI-OS = Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study.