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Effect of chemical stimulation of PVN on the proliferation of colonic epithelium in UC rats. Normal: normal; UC: TNBS (100 mg/kg) in a vehicle of 50% ethanol (v/v) was instilled into the colon, only; PVN: microinjection of glutamate (12 μg) into PVN+UC; Vehicle: microinjection of saline into PVN+UC. Scale bar: 50 μm. Mean±SD. n=6. bP<0.05 compared with normal group. eP<0.05 vs UC group.
