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Effect of chemical stimulation of PVN on expression of protein levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the colonic tissues in UC rats. (A) TNF-α expression; (B) IL-1β expression; Normal: normal; UC: TNBS (100 mg/kg) in a vehicle of 50% ethanol (v/v) was instilled into the colon, only; PVN: microinjection of 12 μg glutamate into PVN+UC; Vehicle: microinjection of saline into PVN+UC. Mean±SD. n=6. cP<0.01 compared with normal group. fP<0.01 compared with UC group.
