Table 1.
CT scan parameters used in the study, for the four different CT scanners
| Parameter | Philips Ingenuity Core (single energy) [Philips (Cleveland, OH)] | Toshiba Aquilion ONE™ Vision Edition (single energy) [Toshiba (Otawara, Japan)] | GE Discovery™ 750HD (dual energy by fast kilovoltage switching) [GE (Milwaukee, WI)] | Siemens SOMATOM® Definition Flash (dual energy with dual sources) [Siemens (Forchheim, Germany)] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CT protocol | Helical | Volume | Helical | Helical |
| Collimation (mm) | 64 × 0.625 | 280 × 0.5 | 64 × 0.625 | 64 × 0.6 |
| MAR technique | MAR algorithm (O-MAR) | MAR algorithm (SEMAR) | Monoenergetic reconstruction (110 keV) MAR algorithm (MARS) |
Monoenergetic reconstruction
(110 keV) DE-composition reconstructions (weight of −0.3) |
| Iterative reconstruction | iDose | AIDR 3D (adaptive iterative dose reduction 3D) | ASIR (adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction) | SAFIRE (sinogram affirmed iterative reconstruction) |
| Level 3 (range, 1–5) | Level standard (range, mid, standard and strong) | Level 50% (range, 0–100%) | Level 3 (range, 1–5) | |
| Soft kernel | B | FC08 | Standard | D34 (FB) Q30 (IR) |
| Sharper kernel | YB | FC30 | Detail | D45 (FB) Q50 (IR) |
FB, filtered backprojection; IR, iterative reconstruction; MAR, metal artefact reduction; MARS, metal artefact reduction software; O-MAR, MAR for orthopaedic implants; SEMAR, single-energy MAR.