Table 1. Plasma metabolite concentrations in common marmosets.
| Metabolite | m/z | rt | Marmosets Mean±SD | HumansMean±SD | Human metabolomics Database |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health indicators | |||||
| Glucose (mM) | 203.0512 | 57 | 4.0 ± 1.4 | 4.0±0.9 | 3.9 to 6.1 |
| Creatine (μM) | 132.0759 | 52 | 38 ± 15 | 52±35 | 8.4 to 65 |
| Creatinine (μM) | 114.0905 | 393 | 83 ± 24 | 102±16* | 56 to 109 |
| Urea (mM) | 121.0711 | 58 | 4.7 ± 2.1 | 3.2±1.6* | 4 to 9 |
| Cortisol (μM) | 363.2143 | 160 | 10.2 ± 4.1 | 0.49±0.25* | 0.028 to 0.66 |
| Cortisone (μM) | 361.1991 | 174 | 0.51 ± 0.19 | 0.010±0.004* | 0.022 to 0.075 |
| Bilirubin (μM) | 585.2668 | 350 | 1.9 ± 1.1 | 5.7 ± 6.4* | 8 to 15 |
| Vitamins and Coenzymes | |||||
| Riboflavin (nM) | 377.1468 | 215 | 6.0 ± 5.7 | 15.5 ± 0.02* | 5.4 to 28 |
| Thiamine (μM) | 265.1164 | 69 | 0.64 ± 0.62 | 0.39 ± 0.3 | 0.09 to 0.28 |
| Niacin; nicotinic acid (μM) | 124.0398 | 45 | 17.5 ± 7.0 | 29.8 ± 29.0 | 43 to 55 |
| Nicotinamide (μM) | 123.0544 | 326 | 0.43 ± 0.18 | 0.27 ± 0.15* | 0.43 to 0.45 |
| Methylnicotinic acid (nM) | 138.0540 | 64 | 16 ± 9 | 20.0 ± 19.9 | N/A |
| Pyridoxine (nM) | 170.0714 | 61 | 59 ± 43 | 9.7 ± 6.1* | 7 to 60 |
| Pyridoxal (nM) | 168.0643 | 93 | 230 ± 110 | N/A | 200 to 300 |
| Pyridoxamine (nM) | 169.0950 | 101 | 71 ± 56 | 0.14 ± 0.09* | 126 to 202 |
| Pantothenic acid (μM) | 220.1761 | 231 | 4.1 ± 1.8 | 7.57 ± 7.22* | 4.5 to 5.3 |
| Biotin (nM) | 245.0980 | 289 | 2.7 ± 1.1 | 4.5 ± 3.3* | 0.6 to 1.9 |
| Amino Acids | |||||
| Arginine (μM) | 175.1178 | 59 | 40 ± 29 | 72 ± 33* | 60 to 140 |
| Histidine (μM) | 178.0575 | 51 | 71 ± 21 | 52 ±14* | 75 to 143 |
| Leucine/Isoleucine (μM) | 176.0646 | 59 | 88 ± 43 | 156 ± 56* | 155 to 355 |
| Lysine (μM) | 191.0755 | 48 | 104 ± 57 | 117 ± 41 | 178 to 434 |
| Methionine (μM) | 150.0568 | 79 | 39 ± 20 | 24 ± 6* | 25 to 35 |
| Phenylalanine (μM) | 166.0851 | 57 | 271 ± 151 | 47 ± 15* | 48 to 88 |
| Threonine (μM) | 120.0646 | 88 | 132 ± 39 | 103 ± 33* | 102 to 260 |
| Tryptophan (μM) | 205.0958 | 56 | 72 ± 21 | 40 ± 11* | 44 to 78 |
| Asparagine (μM) | 133.0679 | 92 | 18 ± 15 | N/A | 16 to 57 |
| Citrulline (μM) | 176.1018 | 63 | 34 ± 18 | 31 ± 14 | 27 to 38 |
| Glutamate (μM) | 148.0594 | 70 | 36 ± 25 | 23 ± 13 | 24 to 145 |
| Glutamine (μM) | 147.0758 | 56 | 553 ± 141 | 463 ± 317 | 490 to 645 |
| Proline (μM) | 116.0698 | 54 | 168 ± 62 | 195 ± 66 | 168 to 239 |
| Taurine (μM) | 148.0027 | 52 | 105 ± 37 | 32 ± 13* | 42 to 162 |
| Tyrosine (μM) | 182.0799 | 58 | 44 ± 20 | 44 ± 11 | 54 to 143 |
| Amino Acid Metabolites | |||||
| 5-Hydroxytryptophan (μM) | 221.0907 | 62 | 0.41 ± 0.32 | 0.030 ± 0.012* | 0.015 to 0.021 |
| Indoleacrylic acid (μM) | 188.0693 | 64 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.00* | N/A |
| Indolelactate (μM) | 206.0797 | 101 | 4.98 ± 1.67 | 0.72 ± 0.30* | 0.5 to 5 |
| 3-Indolepropionic acid (μM) | 190.0849 | 202 | 9.11 ± 5.33 | 0.04 ± 0.04* | 0.29 to 1.09 |
| Kynurenine (μM) | 209.0914 | 73 | 3.68 ± 1.47 | 1.84 ± 0.72* | 1.5 to 1.7 |
| Phenylacetate (nM) | 137.0586 | 216 | 2.7 ± 2.0 | 2.78 ± 2.15 | N/A |
| Methylphenyllactate (nM) | 181.0847 | 167 | 14 ± 7 | 48 ± 64* | N/A |
| Methylphenylpropanoate (nM) | 165.0899 | 257 | 8.0 ± 5.0 | 6.5 ± 3.8 | N/A |
| Homogentisic acid (μM) | 169.0436 | 106 | 0.15 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.01* | 0.014 to 0.071 |
| Oxoproline (μM) | 130.0490 | 53 | 47 ± 11 | 62 ± 13* | 13 to 161 |
| Hippurate (μM) | 180.0644 | 63 | 8.6 ± 5.8 | 6.6 ± 6.3 | 0 to 5 |
| 2-Aminobutyrate (nM) | 104.0698 | 54 | 6.0 ± 4.0 | 4.6 ± 1.4* | N/A |
| Lipid-Related Metabolites | |||||
| Choline (μM) | 104.1062 | 51 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 0.85 ± 0.23* | 8.7 to 12.5 |
| Betaine (μM) | 118.0854 | 54 | 123 ± 64 | 31 ± 13* | 20 to 144 |
| Dimethylglycine (μM) | 104.0697 | 424 | 2.91 ± 0.75 | 2.28 ± 0.97* | 1.8 to 3.7 |
| Carnitine (μM) | 162.1114 | 79 | 6.7 ± 2.2 | 66 ± 24* | 26 to 79 |
| Acetylcarnitine (μM) | 204.1216 | 66 | 0.54 ± 0.30 | N/A | 3.2 to 7.6 |
| Sphinganine (nM) | 302.3034 | 331 | 4.8 ± 2.6 | 6.6 ± 6.3 | 11 |
| Sphingosine (μM) | 300.2877 | 510 | 0.74 ± 0.33 | 1.21 ± 0.38* | 0.05 to 0.51 |
| Nucleotide-Related Metabolites | |||||
| Uridine (μM) | 245.0757 | 95 | 2.11 ± 0.84 | 0.91 ± 0.68* | 2.9 to 3.3 |
| Hypoxanthine (μM) | 137.0448 | 59 | 54 ± 34 | 3.9 ± 3.6* | 1.3 to 54.5 |
| Uric acid (μM) | 169.0342 | 54 | 84 ± 73 | 214 ± 54* | 238 to 506 |
| Allantoin (μM) | 159.0502 | 63 | 2.2 ± 1.1 | N/A | 1.0 to 3.2 |
| Environmental Chemicals | |||||
| Triethylphosphate (nM) | 183.0768 | 382 | 14.5 ± 3.4 | 10.8 ± 9.5 | N/A |
| Pirimicarb (nM) | 239.1475 | 548 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.80 ± 0.36 | N/A |
| Dibutylphthalate (nM) | 279.1573 | 381 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 14.0 ± 44.4 | N/A |
Plasma metabolites of common marmosets (n = 50) quantified by LC-MS are included along with measures for human plasma (n = 80) obtained with the same method. Ranges of concentrations of metabolites in human plasma reported by HMDB are also included for comparison. (m/z, mass-to-charge, rt, retention time). N/A, data not available.
* Levels in common marmosets significantly different from the levels in human, p < 0.05, following Bonferroni correction.