Table 2.

Primary and Follow-up outcome Measures - Unadjusted

			BMI Category
	Overall Cohort	Normal 18.5–25kg/m2	Overweight 25–29.9kg/m2	Obese ≥30kg/m2	p-value
Variable		N=408	N=747	N=574
Short Form12 Score
Total
Baseline	104.4 ± 10.1	106.6 ± 8.3NS	105.2 ± 9.5##	101.8 ± 11.4##	<0.001*
Follow-up	101.0 ± 12.3	104.3 ± 10.2##	101.6 ± 12.2##	97.7 ± 13.2##	<0.001*
p-value	<0.001†	<0.001†	<0.001†	<0.001†	0.022#
% of Difference	−3.04 ± 10.3	−1.89 ±9.2NS	−3.23 ± 9.9NS	−3.61 ± 11.5##	0.029††
Physical
Baseline	49.3 ± 8.3	51.9 ± 6.9##	49.7 ± 7.9##	47.1 ± 9.3##	<0.001*
Follow-up	46.2 ± 9.8	49.2 ± 8.5##	46.6 ± 9.6##	43.3 ± 10.2##	<0.001*
p-value	<0.001†	<0.001†	<0.001†	<0.001†	0.20#
% of Difference	−5.29 ± 19.9	−4.2 ± 17.9NS	−5.0 ± 20.3NS	−6.3 ± 20.7NS	0.24††
Mental
Baseline	55.1 ± 7.1	54.7 ± 6.9NS	55.5 ± 6.9NS	54.7 ± 7.6NS	0.06*
Follow-up	54.8 ± 8.0	55.1 ± 7.2NS	55.0 ± 7.7NS	54.3 ± 8.8NS	0.20*
p-value	0.20†	0.31†	0.07†	0.28†	0.16#
% of Difference	0.66 ± 17.4	2.3 ± 19.9NS	0.05 ± 16.3NS	0.29 ± 16.9NS	0.09††
Physical Activity Score for Elderly
Baseline	141.5 ± 67.1	149.3 ± 67.7NS	143.3 ± 65.5|	133.6 ± 68.2##	<0.001*
Follow-up	123.8 ± 63.4	132.3 ± 63.6NS	127.0 ± 62.4##	113.8 ± 63.3##	<0.001*
p-value	<0.001†	<0.001†	<0.001†	<0.001†	0.64#
% of Difference	−5.18 ± 91.9	−6.0 ± 83.4NS	−5.5 ± 93.8NS	−4.2 ± 95.1NS	0.95††
Late-life Disability Index
Frequency	55.3 ± 6.3	56.5 ± 6.3##	55.1 ±6.2NS	54.7 ± 6.4##	<0.001*
Limitation	80.6 ± 15.1	82.9 ± 14.3NS	81.3 ± 15.2##	78.1 ± 15.1##	<0.001*
Gait Speed, m/s
Baseline	1.30 ± 0.21	1.36 ± 0.20|	1.32 ± 0.20|	1.22 ± 0.20##	<0.001*
Follow-up	1.23 ± 0.21	1.30 ± 0.10##	1.25 ± .20##	1.16 ± 0.21##	<0.001*
p-value	<0.001†	<0.001†	<0.001†	<0.001†	0.16#
% of Difference	−4.51 ± 15.9	−3.2 ± 12.5NS	−4.74 ± 15.0NS	−5.2 ±18.9NS	0.19††
Chair Stand Pace
Baseline	0.48 ± 0.13	0.52 ± 0.13##	0.48 ± 0.13##	0.45 ± 0.13##	<0.001*
Follow-up	0.50 ± 0.15	0.54 ± 0.15##	0.50 ± 0.14|	0.47 ± 0.14##	<0.001*
p-value	<0.001†	0.03†	0.008†	0.008†	0.99#
% of Difference	6.18 ± 30.2	1.5 ± 12.7NS	1.4 ± 13.0NS	1.6 ± 12.3NS	0.45††

All values represent mean ± standard deviation, or count (percent)

A drop (negative change) in Short-form 12 score (Total, physical and mental) represents a reduction in self-reported health status. A decrease in Physical Activity for the Elderly Score and Gait Speed, represent reductions in physical activity and mobility speeds. An increase in chair stand pace represents a slower speed. Higher scores of Late-life function and disability scores represent better function (or less disability).

^*represents an analysis of variance across each BMI category within a specified time period (baseline or follow-up);

^†represents a paired t-test within each BMI category between baseline and follow-up;

^#represents the difference across all BMI categories between baseline and follow-up.

^††represents an analysis of variance across all BMI categories comparing the percent change in scores between baseline and follow-up of a measure

Post-hoc Bonferroni adjustments are presented within each BMI category and the mean score of each outcome represented by symbols

^##p<0.001;

^|p<0.05;

^NSNS – non-signifcant. Those represented in the normal BMI column represent values comparing normal BMI vs. obese BMI; symbols in the overweight column represent values comparing normal BMI vs. overweight BMI; symbols in the obese column represent overweight BMI vs. normal BMI.