Table 4.

Wheat miRNAs involved in drought stress signaling.

miRNAs	Differential expression under drought	Target genes related to signaling	Function	Reference
miR159a-5p	↑	MYB TF, GAMYB1 GAMYB2, genes for oligopeptide transport	Auxin Signaling, Oligopeptide transporter	Liu et al., 2013; Gupta et al., 2014
miR159a,b	↓	WRKY TF; MYB3; alkaline phosphatase, cytochrome P450, Mob1-like and TLD protein	Signaling	Ma et al., 2015
miR160a	↑	HSP 70; ARF; tetratrico peptide repeat (TPR)	Stress adaptation	Liu et al., 2015
miR164	↑	NAC domain TF, phytosulfokines, sHSPs 17; NAC TF; genes involved in MAPK signaling pathways	Signaling pathway, oxidative stress response	Gupta et al., 2014
miR166h	↑	Class III HD-ZIP protein 4	Stress response, phytohormones	Ma et al., 2015
miR167	↑	Dnaj heat shock n-terminal domain-containing protein	Auxin signaling pathway, developmental response	Liu et al., 2015
miR168	↑	Argonaute	Signal transduction, stress response	Gupta et al., 2014
miR169d	↓	CCAAT-box TF	ABA-responsive transcription, drought tolerance	Ma et al., 2015
miR171f	↓	Sensor histidine kinase	Stress response	Li et al., 2013
miR172	↑	Apetala2-like TF, ARF, helix-loop-helix DNA-binding protein	Signaling Pathway, stress response, development	Gupta et al., 2014
miR172a,b	↓	Floral homeotic protein, AP2 TFs	Flower development signaling pathway
miR319	↓	MYB3, Acyl-CoA synthetase	Abiotic stress tolerance	Zhou et al., 2010
miR393	↑	bHLH TF, transport inhibitor response 1/auxin F-box	Signaling pathway, genes in auxin signaling, basal defense	Gupta et al., 2014
miR395i	↓	ATP sulfur lyasas and sulfur transporters	Abiotic stress	Sunkar et al., 2005
miR397	↑	Ice1 (inducer of CBF expression 1) TF, laccase	Response to water deprivation	Gupta et al., 2014
miR398	↑	COX, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene family	Respiration pathway	Kantar et al., 2011b
miR474	↓	PPR, protein kinase, kinesin, Leucine-rich repeat	Unknown	Kantar et al., 2011b
miR1029	↑	Apetala2-like TF, DREB TF	Signaling pathway abiotic stress	Gupta et al., 2014
miR1432	↑	Mitochondrial phoshphate transporter	–	Ma et al., 2015

↑, increased expression levels; ↓, decreased expression levels.