Table 3.
Properties of CO grown acetogenic microorganisms.
| Organism | Energy conservation: mechanism (cation) | Minimal generation time reported, (h) | Biomass yield (gCells/mol) | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO | H2 | CO | H2 | |||
| Mixed fermenters | ||||||
| Clostridium ljungdahlii | RnF (H+) | 12A (DM) 3.8 (UM) |
22A (DM) | 1.38 (DM) 8.4C (UM) |
0.37 (DM) | Tanner et al., 1993; Phillips et al., 1994; Younesi et al., 2005; Cotter et al., 2009; Köpke et al., 2011 |
| Clostridium autoethanogenum | RnF (H+) | 4 (UM) | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | Abrini et al., 1994; Cotter et al., 2009; Köpke et al., 2011 |
| Clostridium formicoaceticum | RnF (N.D.) | 7 (UM) | No growth | N.D. | N.A. | Lux and Drake, 1992 |
| Clostridium ragsdalei | RnF (N.D.) | 4 (UM) | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | Köpke et al., 2011; Kundiyana et al., 2011 |
| Clostridium scatologenes | RnF (N.D.) | 11.6 (UM) | 17.3 (UM) | N.D. | N.D. | Liou et al., 2005 |
| Clostridium drakei | RnF (N.D.) | 5.8 (UM) | 3.5 (UM) | N.D. | N.D. | Küsel et al., 2000; Liou et al., 2005 |
| Clostridium carboxidivorans | RnF (H+) | 4.3 (UM) | 5.8 (UM) | 0.25 | N.D. | Rajagopalan et al., 2002; Liou et al., 2005 |
| Alkalibaculum bacchi | RnF (N.D.) | 5.8 (UM) | N.D. | 0.8–2 (UM) | N.D. | Allen et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2012 |
| Butyribacterium methylotrophicum | RnF (N.D.) | 13.9A (UM) | 9 (UM) | 3 (UM) | 1.7 (UM) | Lynd et al., 1982; Lynd and Zeikus, 1983; Heiskanen et al., 2007 |
| Eubacterium limosum | RnF (Na+) | 7 (UM) | ∼20B (UM) | 3.38 (UM) | 0.84 (UM) | Genthner and Bryant, 1982, 1987; Jeong et al., 2015 |
| Oxobacter pfennigii | RnF (N.D.) | 13.9A (UM) | No growth | 2.50 (UM) | N.A. | Krumholz and Bryant, 1985 |
| Homo-acetogenic | ||||||
| Moorella thermoautotrophica | EcH/ Cytochromes (H+) | 7 (UM), 9 (DM) |
33 (DM) | 3.34 (UM) 2.53 (DM) |
0.82 (DM) | Savage and Drake, 1986; Savage et al., 1987; Collins et al., 1994 |
| Moorella thermoacetica | EcH/ Cytochromes (H+) | 9 (DM) | 16 (DM) | 1.28 (UM) | 0.46 (UM) | Daniel et al., 1990; Collins et al., 1994; Pierce et al., 2008 |
| Acetobacterium Woodii | RnF (Na+) | 13D (UM), 5.5A (UM + formate) |
6.2A (UM) | N.D. | 1.05C (DM) | Balch et al., 1977; Tschech and Pfennig, 1984; Genthner and Bryant, 1987; Hess et al., 2013; Bertsch and Müller, 2015 |
| Blautia producta | RnF (Na+) | 1.5 (UM) | 5 (UM) | 2.13C (UM) | 0.65C (UM) | Lorowitz and Bryant, 1984; Geerligs et al., 1989 |
| Clostridium aceticum | RnF (N.D.) | ∼10B (UM) | 20 (UM) | N.D. | N.D. | Braun et al., 1981; Sim et al., 2007 |
| Acetogenic Archaea | ||||||
| Archeoglobus fulgidus | SLP | ∼10 | N.A. | N.D. | N.A. | Henstra et al., 2007a |
| Methanosarcina acetivorans | SLP, RnF (Na+) | ∼20 | N.A. | 2.5 | N.A. | Rother and Metcalf, 2004 |
Parameters measured in medium containing complex additives like yeast extract or rumen fluid are indicated as undefined medium (UM). Parameters measured in medium of which the exact composition is known are indicated as defined medium (DM). SLP, substrate level phosphorylation. Not determined parameters are marked N.D, whereas not applicable parameters are indicated N.A.
ADuplication time is recalculated from a given specific growth rate (μ) assuming: 2 = eμt.
BDuplication time is estimated from a given graph, as numbers were not mentioned.
CYield was recalculated from g protein/mol CO to gCells/mol CO, making the assumption proteins makes up 60% of the dry weight (Krumholz and Bryant, 1985).
DAcetobacterium woodii was shown to not grow on CO as a sole carbon source; generation time displayed was measured in rich medium likely containing substrates for co-fermentation.