Immune cells influenced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). MSC exert an effect on a range of cells involved in the immune response. There is a direct effect exerted on CD4+, CD8+, γδT-Cells, FoxP3+ T-reg cells, neutrophils, and monocytes, while they also exert an indirect effect on natural killer (NK) cells via their action on dendritic cells. (Stock images provided by Servier medical for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License).