Table 2.

Factors Secreted By MSC Known To Be Important in Immunomodulation

Cytokine	Effect
Nerve growth factor (NGF)	Binds to P75 on hepatic stellate cells and triggers apoptosis
Interleukin 6 (Il-6)	Inhibits neutrophil burst
Inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS)	Inhibits CD4+ T-cell function
Indolamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO)	Inhibits CD4+ T-cell function, inhibits resting natural killer cells
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)	Inhibits CD4+ T-cell function, inhibits resting natural killer cells, inhibits differentiation of monocytes into myeloid cells, inhibits TNF production by dendritic cells
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)	Inhibits CD4+ T-cell function, inhibits CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)	Inhibits CD4+ T-cell function
Human leucocyte antigen G5 (HLA-G5)	Inhibits resting natural killer cells